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. 2025 Aug 26;15(37):30146–30155. doi: 10.1039/d5ra02890f

Table 1. Physical and chemical properties of the soil.

Physicochemical property Water content (%) pH Cr content (mg kg−1) Organic content (%) Conductivity (mS cm−1)
Primitive soil 3.2 ± 0.2 6.7 ± 0.2 501.23 ± 5.12 10.91 ± 1.23 0.404 ± 0.002