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. 2025 Aug 12;16:1611893. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1611893

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Copyright © 2025 Chen, Ma, Cheng, Zhang, Liu and Zhao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Sequential endoscopic images showing sections of the terminal ileum, ascending colon, and descending colon over four time periods: August 2022, December 2022, August 2023, and August 2024. Yellow arrows indicate areas of interest or abnormalities. The progression through time suggests changes in the intestinal mucosa. Each row represents a different time point corresponding to the labeled dates. — Endoscopic findings. (A) Multiple segmental ulcers in the intestine, exhibiting irregular or pinpoint shapes with overlying white moss. (B) Persistence of multiple ulcers across intestinal segments, showing no significant overall improvement compared to prior findings. (C) Healing of multiple ulcers. The ascending colon displays several white depressed scars and polypoid hyperplasia, while the descending colon mucosa appears normal. (D) Normal mucosal appearance in both the ascending and descending colon.