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. 2025 Aug 12;16:1611893. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1611893

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Copyright © 2025 Chen, Ma, Cheng, Zhang, Liu and Zhao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Timeline illustrating the progression of facial lesions and treatment. SES-CD scores decrease from seventeen to eight. Lesions onset in April 2022 with development by August 2022, improvement by August 2023, and resolution by April 2024. Treatments include IFX and antibiotics until August 2023, with UST starting thereafter. — The timeline of disease progression and therapeutic interventions. SES-CD, Simplified endoscopic score for crohn’s disease; IFX, Infliximab; UST, Ustekinumab.