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. 2025 Aug 12;16:1640369. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1640369

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Copyright © 2025 Barnwal and Saleh.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Five petri dishes labeled A to E, each with ten marked spots representing different bacterial isolates. The dishes display different colored growth mediums indicating different tests medium. — Phenotypic virulence tests of bacterial isolates- (A) hemolytic test, (B) lipase test, (C) amylase test, (D) protease test, and (E) Congo red agar tests. All the 10 bacterial isolates inoculated in single plate- (a) VITSA1, (b) VITSA2, (c) VITSA3, (d) VITSA4, (e) VITSA8, (f) VITSA11, (g) VITSA12, (h) VITSA13, (i) VITSA14, and (j) VITSA19.