Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the derivation cohort.
| Total (n=435) | No CMD (n=142) | CMD (n=293) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 60.00 [54.00, 65.00] | 61.00 [56.00, 66.00] | 59.00 [54.00, 65.00] | 0.046 |
| Male | 388 (89.20) | 122 (85.92) | 266 (90.78) | 0.125 |
| BMI, kg/m² | 24.58 [22.86, 26.45] | 25.02 [23.23, 26.57] | 24.51 [22.72, 26.30] | 0.245 |
| HR, bpm | 76.00 [67.00, 87.00] | 73.50 [65.00, 82.00] | 78.00 [67.00, 88.00] | 0.022 |
| SBP, mmHg | 134.62 (20.75) | 134.86 (20.91) | 134.50 (20.71) | 0.867 |
| DBP, mmHg | 80.00 [72.00, 93.00] | 79.00 [73.00, 88.00] | 83.00 [72.00, 94.00] | 0.036 |
| Hypertension | 220 (50.57) | 64 (45.07) | 156 (53.24) | 0.110 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 130 (29.89) | 40 (28.17) | 90 (30.72) | 0.586 |
| Smoking | 291 (66.90) | 89 (62.68) | 202 (68.94) | 0.193 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 202 (46.44) | 57 (40.14) | 145 (49.49) | 0.067 |
| CKD | 10 (2.30) | 3 (2.11) | 7 (2.39) | 0.999 |
| LVEF, % | 53.03 [46.22, 61.23] | 59.05 [51.66, 64.79] | 50.84 [43.12, 58.04] | <0.001 |
| STB time, hours | 4.60 [3.40, 6.25] | 4.78 [3.40, 6.81] | 4.58 [3.37, 6.00] | 0.479 |
| Culprit vessel | 0.181 | |||
| LAD | 276 (63.45) | 94 (66.20) | 182 (62.12) | |
| LCx | 33 (7.59) | 6 (4.22) | 27 (9.21) | |
| RCA | 126 (28.96) | 42 (29.58) | 84 (28.67) | |
| Killip heart function classification | <0.001 | |||
| I | 324 (74.48) | 122 (85.92) | 202 (68.94) | |
| II-IV | 111 (25.52) | 18 (14.08) | 70 (31.06) | |
| Number of stents | 0.303 | |||
| 0 | 15 (3.45) | 6 (4.23) | 9 (3.07) | |
| 1 | 322 (74.02) | 103 (72.54) | 219 (74.74) | |
| 2 | 92 (21.15) | 29 (20.42) | 63 (21.50) | |
| 3 | 6 (1.38) | 4 (2.82) | 2 (0.68) | |
| Occlusion position | 0.831 | |||
| Proximal | 224 (51.49) | 76 (53.52) | 148 (50.51) | |
| Middle | 199 (45.75) | 62 (43.66) | 137 (46.76) | |
| Distal | 12 (2.76) | 4 (2.82) | 8 (2.73) | |
| Multivessel disease | 242 (55.63) | 81 (57.04) | 161 (54.95) | 0.680 |
| TIMI flow pre-PCI | 0.367 | |||
| 0 | 286 (65.75) | 86 (60.56) | 200 (68.26) | |
| 1 | 44 (10.11) | 18 (12.68) | 26 (8.87) | |
| 2 | 34 (7.82) | 11 (7.75) | 23 (7.85) | |
| 3 | 71 (16.32) | 27 (19.01) | 44 (15.02) | |
| High thrombus burden | 309 (71.03) | 97 (68.31) | 212 (72.35) | 0.383 |
| Thrombus aspiration | 102 (23.45) | 26 (18.31) | 76 (25.94) | 0.078 |
| AMR, mmHg*s/dm | 26.70 [23.20, 31.10] | 24.15 [20.60, 27.73] | 27.80 [24.40, 32.75] | <0.001 |
| μQFR | 0.96 [0.93, 0.98] | 0.95 [0.92, 0.97] | 0.96 [0.93, 0.98] | 0.075 |
| Blood flow velocity, dm/s | 1.46 [1.14, 1.78] | 1.67 [1.38, 2.08] | 1.30 [1.04, 1.70] | <0.001 |
| Values are n (%) or mean [interquartile range]. AMR: angiographic microcirculatory resistance; BMI: body mass index; CKD: chronic kidney disease; CMD: coronary microvascular dysfunction; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HR: heart rate; LAD: left anterior descending artery; LCx: left circumflex artery; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; RCA: right coronary artery; SBP: systolic blood pressure; STB: symptom-to-balloon; TIMI: Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction; μQFR: Murray law-based quantitative flow ratio | ||||