Table 2. Baseline characteristics of the validation cohort.
| Total (n=2,261) | AMR ≤26.6 mmHg*s/dm | AMR >26.6 mmHg*s/dm | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 62.00 [52.00, 69.00] | 61.00 [51.00, 69.00] | 63.00 [54.00, 70.00] | <0.001 |
| Male | 1,689 (74.70) | 765 (76.88) | 924 (72.99) | 0.034 |
| BMI, kg/m² | 25.52 [23.63, 27.65] | 25.65 [23.66, 27.76] | 25.46 [23.60, 27.57] | 0.256 |
| HR, bpm | 76.00 [66.00, 88.00] | 77.00 [67.00, 88.00] | 76.00 [65.00, 88.00] | 0.467 |
| SBP, mmHg | 126.00 [110.00, 143.00] | 128.00 [112.00, 144.00] | 124.50 [110.00, 141.00] | 0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 78.00 [68.00, 90.00] | 79.00 [70.00, 91.00] | 77.00 [67.00, 89.00] | 0.002 |
| Hypertension | 1,132 (50.07) | 415 (41.71) | 717 (56.64) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 590 (26.09) | 266 (26.73) | 324 (25.59) | 0.540 |
| Smoking | 1,122 (49.62) | 514 (51.66) | 608 (48.03) | 0.086 |
| CKD | 65 (2.87) | 28 (2.81) | 37 (2.92) | 0.878 |
| MI history | 50 (2.21) | 24 (2.41) | 26 (2.05) | 0.666 |
| STB time, hours | 5.00 [3.00, 7.00] | 4.60 [2.92, 6.00] | 5.00 [3.00, 8.00] | <0.001 |
| Killip heart function classification | 0.004 | |||
| I | 1,344 (59.44) | 625 (62.81) | 719 (56.79) | |
| II-IV | 917 (40.56) | 370 (37.19) | 547 (43.21) | |
| Culprit vessel | 0.123 | |||
| LAD | 1,112 (49.18) | 487 (48.94) | 625 (49.37) | |
| LCx | 268 (11.85) | 104 (10.45) | 164 (12.95) | |
| RCA | 881 (38.97) | 404 (40.60) | 477 (37.68) | |
| Number of stents | 0.846 | |||
| 0 | 185 (8.18) | 86 (8.64) | 99 (7.82) | |
| 1 | 1,776 (78.55) | 782 (78.59) | 994 (78.52) | |
| 2 | 283 (12.52) | 120 (12.06) | 163 (12.88) | |
| 3 | 17 (0.75) | 7 (0.70) | 10 (0.79) | |
| Occlusion position | 0.244 | |||
| Proximal | 1,096 (48.47) | 464 (46.63) | 632 (49.92) | |
| Middle | 853 (37.73) | 384 (38.59) | 469 (37.05) | |
| Distal | 312 (13.80) | 147 (14.77) | 165 (13.03) | |
| Multivessel disease | 506 (22.38) | 237 (23.82) | 269 (21.25) | 0.160 |
| TIMI flow pre-PPCI | <0.001 | |||
| 0 | 1,506 (66.61) | 657 (66.03) | 849 (67.06) | |
| 1 | 112 (4.95) | 37 (3.72) | 75 (5.92) | |
| 2 | 203 (8.98) | 63 (6.33) | 140 (11.06) | |
| 3 | 440 (19.46) | 238 (23.92) | 202 (15.96) | |
| High thrombus burden | 1,759 (77.80) | 687 (69.05) | 1,072 (84.68) | <0.001 |
| Thrombus aspiration | 325 (14.40) | 174 (17.49) | 151 (11.93) | <0.001 |
| AMR, mmHg*s/dm | 27.80 [23.00, 33.40] | 22.50 [19.90, 24.40] | 32.70 [29.50, 37.38] | <0.001 |
| μQFR | 0.96 [0.92, 0.98] | 0.93 [0.88, 0.96] | 0.97 [0.94, 0.98] | <0.001 |
| Blood flow velocity, dm/s | 1.34 [1.00, 1.79] | 1.84 [1.61, 2.15] | 1.05 [0.82, 1.25] | <0.001 |
| Medication use | ||||
| GPIIb/IIIa inhibitor | 1,787 (79.04) | 786 (78.99) | 1,001 (79.07) | 0.966 |
| Statin | 2,229 (98.58) | 980 (98.49) | 1,249 (98.66) | 0.742 |
| Aspirin | 2,250 (99.51) | 995 (100.00) | 1,255 (99.13) | 0.003 |
| Ticagrelor | 2,143 (94.78) | 963 (96.78) | 1,180 (93.21) | <0.001 |
| Clopidogrel | 118 (5.22) | 32 (3.22) | 86 (6.79) | <0.001 |
| ACEi/ARB/ARNI | 2,200 (97.30) | 971 (97.59) | 1,229 (97.08) | 0.457 |
| ß-blocker | 2,220 (98.19) | 976 (98.09) | 1,244 (98.26) | 0.761 |
| Values are n (%) or mean [interquartile range]. ACEi: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; AMR: angiographic microcirculatory resistance; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blockers; ARNI: angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors; BMI: body mass index; CKD: chronic kidney disease; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; GP: glycoprotein; HR: heart rate; LAD: left anterior descending artery; LCx: left circumflex artery; PPCI: primary percutaneous coronary intervention; RCA: right coronary artery; SBP: systolic blood pressure; STB: symptom-to-balloon; TIMI: Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction; μQFR: Murray law-based quantitative flow ratio | ||||