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. 2025 Aug 12;16:1642091. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1642091

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Copyright © 2025 He, Xiang, Luo, Wang, Zheng, Gao and Yao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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A circular diagram depicting potential therapies targeting TAMs (tumor-associated macrophages). It is divided into four sections: Synthetic drugs, Nanomedicines, Natural compounds, and Dietary intervention. Each section lists specific examples: Probiotics include L. actobacillus and S. cerevisiae; Synthetic drugs mention synthetic agents; Nanomedicines feature liposomes and PLGA nanoparticles; Natural compounds list saponins and polyphenols; Dietary intervention includes a high-fiber diet and ketogenic diet, illustrated with images of a carrot and broccoli. — Potential strategies for targeting TAMs in the treatment of colon cancer.