Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of service users with a first episode of admission in slam within the observation period
| Total N (% of total sample) a | Voluntarily admitted for inpatient care on first admission (% per characteristic) | Admitted under Sects. 2, 3, 4 or 5(2) on first admission (% per characteristic) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 18,569 (100) | 12,132 (65.3) | 6437 (34.7) |
| Ethnicity | |||
| White British | 8240 (44.4) | 6,367 (77.3) | 1873 (22.7) |
| White Irish | 513 (2.8) | 385 (75.1) | 128 (25.0) |
| Other White background | 1852 (10.0) | 1109 (59.9) | 743 (40.1) |
| Black African | 2031 (10.9) | 981 (48.3) | 1050 (51.7) |
| Black Caribbean | 1145 (6.1) | 569 (49.7) | 576 (50.3) |
| Black British / Other Black background | 1887 (10.2) | 966 (51.2) | 921 (48.8) |
| Asian Bangladeshi | 90 (0.5) | 48 (53.3) | 42 (46.7) |
| Asian Indian | 287 (1.6) | 183 (63.8) | 104 (36.2) |
| Asian Pakistani | 159 (0.9) | 92 (57.9) | 67 (42.1) |
| Asian Chinese | 130 (0.7) | 62 (47.7) | 68 (52.3) |
| Asian British / Other Asian background | 661 (3.6) | 398 (60.2) | 263 (39.8) |
| White and Black African | 83 (0.5) | 57 (68.7) | 26 (31.3) |
| White and Black Caribbean | 227 (1.2) | 159 (70.0) | 68 (30.0) |
| Other Mixed background | 171 (0.9) | 115 (67.3) | 56 (32.8) |
| Other ethnic background | 1093 (5.9) | 641 (58.7) | 452 (41.4) |
| Sociodemographic variables | |||
| Age | |||
| 18–24 | 3006 (16.2) | 1792 (59.6) | 1214 (40.4) |
| 25–34 | 4571 (24.6) | 2968 (64.9) | 1603 (35.1) |
| 35–49 | 5835 (31.4) | 4048 (69.4) | 1787 (30.6) |
| 50–64 | 2958 (15.9) | 1932 (65.3) | 1026 (34.7) |
| 65–99 | 2199 (11.8) | 1392 (63.3) | 807 (36.7) |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 10,343 (55.7) | 6795 (65.7) | 3548 (34.3) |
| Female | 8226 (44.3) | 5337 (64.9) | 2889 (35.1) |
| Area-level deprivation | |||
| 1st quintile (least deprived) | 2437 (13.1) | 1719 (70.5) | 718 (29.5) |
| 2nd quintile | 3367 (18.1) | 2184 (64.9) | 1183 (35.1) |
| 3rd quintile | 3566 (19.2) | 2304 (64.6) | 1262 (35.4) |
| 4th quintile | 3607 (19.4) | 2296 (63.7) | 1311 (36.4) |
| 5th quintile (most deprived) | 3387 (18.2) | 2171 (64.1) | 1216 (35.9) |
| Undetermined | 2205 (11.9) | 1458 (66.1) | 747 (33.9) |
| Homeless | |||
| No | 15,058 (81.1) | 9278 (61.6) | 5780 (38.4) |
| Yes | 3511 (18.9) | 2854 (81.3) | 657 (18.7) |
| Migrant status | |||
| No | 7513 (40.5) | 5615 (74.7) | 1898 (25.3) |
| Yes | 5099 (27.5) | 2938 (57.6) | 2161 (42.4) |
| Undetermined | 5957 (32.1) | 3579 (60.1) | 2378 (39.9) |
| Psychiatric diagnosis (ICD-10) | |||
| Mental disorders due to known physiological conditions (F01-F09) | |||
| No | 17,724 (95.5) | 11,596 (65.4) | 6128 (34.6) |
| Yes | 845 (4.6) | 536 (63.4) | 309 (36.6) |
| Mental and behavioural disorders due to psychoactive substance use (F10-F19) | |||
| No | 15,562 (83.8) | 9581 (61.6) | 5981 (38.4) |
| Yes | 3007 (16.2) | 2551 (84.8) | 456 (15.2) |
| Schizophrenia, schizotypal, delusional, and other non-mood psychotic disorders (F20-F29) | |||
| No | 14,919 (80.3) | 10,632 (71.3) | 4287 (28.7) |
| Yes | 3650 (19.7) | 1500 (41.1) | 2150 (58.9) |
| Affective psychosis (F30.2, F31.2, F31.5, F32.3, F33.3) | |||
| No | 17,786 (95.8) | 11,747 (66.1) | 6039 (34.0) |
| Yes | 783 (4.2) | 385 (49.2) | 398 (50.8) |
| Mood disorder (F30– F39, except the affective psychosis codes) | |||
| No | 15,737 (84.8) | 9925 (63.1) | 5812 (36.9) |
| Yes | 2832 (15.3) | 2207 (77.9) | 625 (22.1) |
| Anxiety, dissociative, stress-related, somatoform, and other nonpsychotic disorders (F40-F48) | |||
| No | 17,038 (91.8) | 10,892 (63.9) | 6146 (36.1) |
| Yes | 1531 (8.2) | 1240 (81.0) | 291 (19.0) |
| Behavioural syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors (F50-F59) | |||
| No | 18,313 (98.6) | 11,923 (65.1) | 6390 (34.9) |
| Yes | 256 (1.4) | 209 (81.6) | 47 (18.4) |
| Disorders of adult personality and behaviour (F60-F69) | |||
| No | 17,837 (96.1) | 11,540 (64.7) | 6927 (35.3) |
| Yes | 732 (3.9) | 592 (80.9) | 140 (19.1) |
| Intellectual disabilities (F70-F79) | |||
| No | 18,459 (99.4) | 12,064 (65.4) | 6395 (34.6) |
| Yes | 110 (0.6) | 68 (61.8) | 42 (38.2) |
| Pervasive and specific developmental disorders (F80-F89) | |||
| No | 18,496 (99.6) | 12,088 (65.4) | 6408 (34.7) |
| Yes | 73 (0.4) | 44 (60.3) | 29 (39.7) |
| Behavioural and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence (F90-F98) | |||
| No | 18,534 (99.8) | 12,108 (65.3) | 6426 (34.7) |
| Yes | 35 (0.2) | 24 (68.6) | 11 (31.4) |
| Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) | |||
| Overactive, aggressive, disruptive, or agitated behaviour | |||
| No problem | 5763 (31.0) | 4252 (73.8) | 1511 (26.2) |
| Minor problem | 3294 (17.7) | 1978 (60.1) | 1316 (40.0) |
| Mild problem | 2991 (16.1) | 1581 (52.9) | 1410 (47.1) |
| Moderately severe problem | 2052 (11.1) | 888 (43.3) | 1164 (56.7) |
| Severe to very severe problem | 1092 (5.9) | 393 (36.0) | 699 (64.0) |
| Undetermined | 3377 (18.2) | 3040 (90.0) | 337 (10.0) |
| Non-accidental self-injury | |||
| No problem | 9436 (50.8) | 4872 (51.6) | 4564 (48.4) |
| Minor problem | 1744 (9.4) | 1108 (63.5) | 636 (36.5) |
| Mild problem | 1552 (8.4) | 1148 (74.0) | 404 (26.0) |
| Moderately severe problem | 1446 (7.8) | 1153 (79.7) | 293 (20.3) |
| Severe to very severe problem | 986 (5.3) | 807 (81.9) | 179 (18.2) |
| Undetermined | 3405 (18.3) | 3044 (89.4) | 361 (10.6) |
| Problem drinking or drug taking | |||
| No problem | 9186 (49.5) | 5504 (59.9) | 3682 (40.1) |
| Minor problem | 1404 (7.6) | 819 (58.3) | 585 (41.7) |
| Mild problem | 1765 (9.5) | 1049 (59.4) | 716 (40.6) |
| Moderately severe problem | 1672 (9.0) | 1038 (62.1) | 634 (37.9) |
| Severe to very severe problem | 900 (4.9) | 591 (65.7) | 309 (34.3) |
| Undetermined | 3642 (19.6) | 3131 (86.0) | 511 (14.0) |
| Cognitive problems | |||
| No problem | 8694 (46.8) | 5645 (64.9) | 3049 (35.1) |
| Minor problem | 2771 (14.9) | 1528 (55.1) | 1243 (44.9) |
| Mild problem | 2047 (11.0) | 1057 (51.6) | 990 (48.4) |
| Moderately severe problem | 1175 (6.3) | 611 (52.0) | 564 (48.0) |
| Severe to very severe problem | 429 (2.3) | 219 (51.1) | 210 (49.0) |
| Undetermined | 3453 (18.6) | 3072 (89.0) | 381 (11.0) |
| Physical illness or disability problems | |||
| No problem | 9140 (49.2) | 5284 (57.8) | 3856 (42.2) |
| Minor problem | 2291 (12.3) | 1393 (60.8) | 898 (39.2) |
| Mild problem | 1996 (10.8) | 1261 (63.2) | 735 (36.8) |
| Moderately severe problem | 1230 (6.6) | 817 (66.4) | 413 (33.6) |
| Severe to very severe problem | 444 (2.4) | 298 (67.1) | 146 (32.9) |
| Undetermined | 3468 (18.7) | 3079 (88.8) | 389 (11.2) |
| Problems associated with hallucinations or delusions | |||
| No problem | 5619 (30.3) | 4411 (78.5) | 1208 (21.5) |
| Minor problem | 1824 (9.8) | 1132 (62.1) | 692 (37.9) |
| Mild problem | 2913 (15.7) | 1454 (49.9) | 1459 (50.1) |
| Moderately severe problem | 3029 (16.3) | 1361 (44.9) | 1668 (55.1) |
| Severe to very severe problem | 1722 (9.3) | 693 (40.2) | 1029 (59.8) |
| Undetermined | 3462 (18.6) | 3081 (89.0) | 381 (11.0) |
| Problems with depressed mood | |||
| No problem | 4077 (22.0) | 1653 (40.5) | 2424 (59.5) |
| Minor problem | 3267 (17.6) | 1748 (53.5) | 1519 (46.5) |
| Mild problem | 3794 (20.4) | 2561 (67.5) | 1233 (32.5) |
| Moderately severe problem | 2807 (15.1) | 2184 (77.8) | 623 (22.2) |
| Severe to very severe problem | 1183 (6.4) | 929 (78.5) | 254 (21.5) |
| Undetermined | 3441 (18.5) | 3057 (88.8) | 384 (11.2) |
| Problems with relationships | |||
| No problem | 4936 (26.6) | 3087 (62.5) | 1849 (37.5) |
| Minor problem | 3590 (19.3) | 2160 (60.2) | 1430 (39.8) |
| Mild problem | 3740 (20.1) | 2207 (59.0) | 1533 (41.0) |
| Moderately severe problem | 2025 (10.9) | 1155 (57.0) | 870 (43.0) |
| Severe to very severe problem | 655 (3.5) | 376 (57.4) | 279 (42.6) |
| Undetermined | 3623 (19.5) | 3147 (86.9) | 476 (13.1) |
| Problems with activities of daily living | |||
| No problem | 6825 (36.8) | 4292 (62.9) | 2533 (37.1) |
| Minor problem | 3369 (18.1) | 1993 (59.2) | 1376 (40.8) |
| Mild problem | 2864 (15.4) | 1647 (57.5) | 1217 (42.5) |
| Moderately severe problem | 1494 (8.1) | 802 (53.7) | 692 (46.4) |
| Severe to very severe problem | 453 (2.4) | 275 (60.7) | 178 (39.3) |
| Undetermined | 3564 (19.2) | 3123 (87.6) | 441 (12.4) |
| Problems with living conditions | |||
| No problem | 7989 (43.0) | 4893 (61.3) | 3096 (38.8) |
| Minor problem | 2570 (13.8) | 1534 (59.7) | 1036 (40.3) |
| Mild problem | 1773 (9.6) | 1021 (57.6) | 752 (42.4) |
| Moderately severe problem | 1053 (5.7) | 603 (57.3) | 450 (42.7) |
| Severe to very severe problem | 1135 (6.1) | 685 (60.4) | 450 (39.7) |
| Undetermined | 4049 (21.8) | 3396 (83.9) | 653 (16.1) |
| Problems with occupation and activities | |||
| No problem | 5932 (32.0) | 3681 (62.1) | 2251 (38.0) |
| Minor problem | 3315 (17.9) | 1981 (59.8) | 1134 (40.2) |
| Mild problem | 3259 (17.6) | 1894 (59.0) | 1365 (41.9) |
| Moderately severe problem | 1453 (7.8) | 857 (59.0) | 596 (41.0) |
| Severe to very severe problem | 623 (3.4) | 371 (59.6) | 252 (40.5) |
| Undetermined | 3987 (21.5) | 3348 (84.0) | 639 (16.0) |
Note. Undetermined category represents missing data in the variable
a Percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding to one decimal place