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. 2025 Aug 12;16:1629473. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1629473

Table 1.

Demographics of study participants.

Participants Hematological cancer Solid cancer Healthy Control Total
Total Multiple Myeloma Non-MM hematological Total Breast Cancer Other solid
N 79 64 15 142 56 86 352 573
Age
 Mean (SD) 65.2 (9.8) 65.9 (8.7) 62.0 (13.3) 63.7 (9.0) 62.4 (9.0) 64.5 (8.9) 47.0 (14.0) 53.4(14.7)
 Range 28 - 84 43 - 84 28 - 81 41 - 81 43 - 76 41 - 81 19-77 19 - 84
Sex
 Female 44 (55.7%) 37 (57.8%) 7 (46.7%) 107 (75.4%) 56 (100.0%) 51 (59.3%) 258 (73.3%) 409 (71.4%)
 Male 35 (44.3%) 27 (42.2%) 8 (53.3%) 35 (24.6%) 0 (0.0%) 35 (40.7%) 94 (26.7%) 164 (28.6%)
Race
 American Indian or Alaska Native 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (0.3%) 1 (0.2%)
 Asian 3 (3.8%) 3 (4.7%) 0 (0.0%) 3 (2.1%) 1 (1.8%) 2 (2.3%) 48 (13.6%) 54 (9.4%)
 Black or African American 11 (13.9%) 11 (17.2%) 0 (0.0%) 2 (1.4%) 1 (1.8%) 1 (1.2%) 24 (6.8%) 37 (6.5%)
 Caucasian 54 (68.4%) 39 (60.9%) 15 (100.0%) 136 (95.8%) 53 (94.6%) 83 (96.5%) 245 (69.6%) 435 (75.9%)
 Multirace 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (0.7%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0.0%) 14 (4.0%) 15 (2.6%)
 Other 11 (13.9%) 11 (17.2%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 16 (4.5%) 27 (4.7%)
 Unknown 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 4 (1.1%) 4 (0.7%)
Ethnicity
 Hispanic or Latino 3 (3.8%) 3 (4.7%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 24 (6.8%) 27 (4.7%)
 Not Hispanic or Latino 23 (29.1%) 9 (14.1%) 14 (93.3%) 142 (100.0%) 56 (100.0%) 86 (100.0%) 328 (93.2%) 493 (86.0%)
 Not Reported 53 (67.1%) 52 (81.2%) 1 (6.7%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 53 (9.2%)
Dose
 2 24 (25.8%) 24 (32.9%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 31 (7.4%) 55 (8.1%)
 3 38 (40.9%) 34 (46.6%) 4 (20.0%) 26 (16.1%) 13 (20.3%) 13 (13.4%) 244 (58.0%) 308 (45.6%)
 4 23 (24.7%) 13 (17.8%) 10 (50.0%) 41 (25.5%) 14 (21.9%) 27 (27.8%) 82 (19.5%) 146 (21.6%)
 5 8 (8.6%) 2 (2.7%) 6 (30.0%) 94 (28.4%) 37 (57.8%) 57 (58.8%) 64 (15.2%) 166 (24.6%)

Data are n (%) where n represents the number of participants in each group. Due to rounding, not all variables add up to 100%.