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. 2025 Aug 12;13:1616506. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1616506

Table 1.

Key findings by age group and years of experience (N = 306).

Variable Preferred diversity strategy by age group
Age Serving as role models p-value Advocating for diverse representation p-value Providing mentorship p-value Other p-value
20–30 years (n = 31) 27 (87%) 0.011* 30 (97%) 0.003* 24 (77%) 0.712 6 (19%) 0.333
31–40 years (n = 72) 39 (54%) 54 (75%) 47 (65%) 7 (10%)
41–50 years (n = 59) 36 (61%) 52 (88%) 38 (64%) 3 (5%)
51–60 years (n = 104) 56 (54%) 77 (74%) 73 (70%) 11 (11%)
61+ years (n = 40) 27 (68%) 37 (93%) 28 (70%) 4 (10%)
Variable Overall satisfaction with role by age group
Age Very satisfied Somewhat satisfied Neutral Somewhat dissatisfied p-value
20–30 years (n = 31) 16 (52%) 8 (26%) 4 (13%) 2 (6%) 0.651
31–40 years (n = 72) 41 (57%) 15 (21%) 6 (8%) 3 (4%)
41–50 years (n = 59) 38 (64%) 8 (14%) 10 (17%) 1 (2%)
51–60 years (n = 104) 61 (59%) 19 (18%) 10 (10%) 3 (3%)
61+ years (n = 40) 29 (73%) 5 (13%) 4 (10%) 0 (0%)
Variable Experienced discrimination Experienced stereotyping
Age Yes No p-value Yes No p-value
20–30 years (n = 31) 8 (26%) 23 (74%) 0.482 13 (42%) 18 (58%) 0.856
31–40 years (n = 72) 25 (35%) 47 (65%) 28 (39%) 44 (61%)
41–50 years (n = 59) 18 (31%) 41 (69%) 24 (41%) 35 (59%)
51–60 years (n = 104) 35 (34%) 69 (66%) 35 (34%) 69 (66%)
61+ years (n = 40) 8 (20%) 32 (80%) 14 (35%) 26 (65%)
Variable Experienced barriers by age group
Age Yes No Unsure p-value
20–30 years (n = 31) 20 (65%) 6 (19%) 5 (16%) 0.673
31–40 years (n = 72) 53 (74%) 13 (18%) 6 (8%)
41–50 years (n = 59) 39 (66%) 15 (25%) 5 (8%)
51–60 years (n = 104) 67 (64%) 24 (23%) 10 (10%)
61+ years (n = 40) 28 (70%) 11 (28%) 1 (3%)
Variable Types of barriers by age group
Age Lack of support from healthcare organizations p-value Resistance from healthcare providers p-value Limited funding p-value Other p-value
20–30 years (n = 31) 11 (35%) 0.237 5 (16%) 0.022* 13 (42%) 0.914 8 (26%) 0.272
31–40 years (n = 72) 26 (36%) 21 (29%) 34 (47%) 13 (18%)
41–50 years (n = 59) 16 (27%) 9 (15%) 30 (51%) 9 (15%)
51–60 years (n = 104) 40 (38%) 25 (24%) 50 (48%) 11 (11%)
61+ years (n = 40) 20 (50%) 17 (43%) 21 (53%) 5 (13%)

*Statistically significant.