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. 2025 Aug 12;16:1608269. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1608269

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Copyright © 2025 Badaluta, Ionascu, Ditu, Curutiu, Holban, Oprea, Kourkoutas, Mihai, Cucu, Hudita, Marinescu and Lazar.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Three bar graphs show IL-10 concentration in pg/mL at 24 hours and 48 hours. Top left: Control Bacterial Strains. Gram-positive is 6 at 24 hours, 0 at 48 hours; Gram-negative is 36 at 24 hours, 0 at 48 hours. Top right: N. Only Gram-negative is shown, 30 at 24 hours, 0 at 48 hours. Bottom: αT. Only Gram-negative is shown, 7 at 24 hours, 0 at 48 hours. — Graphical representation of IL-10 concentration levels at 24h and 48h in response to different bacterial strains in the presence of FCs tested [nerolidol (N) and α-terpineol (αT)]. For GA (gallic acid), ELISA determination showed an undetectable level of IL-10.