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. 2025 Aug 12;16:1608269. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1608269

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Copyright © 2025 Badaluta, Ionascu, Ditu, Curutiu, Holban, Oprea, Kourkoutas, Mihai, Cucu, Hudita, Marinescu and Lazar.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Bar chart titled “IL-10 — Control LAB strains” showing concentration of IL-10 in picograms per milliliter. At 24 hours, one bar reaches 18 picograms per milliliter, while others and those at 48 hours remain at 0. Legend: Lb. rhamnosus, Lb. paracasei, Lc. lactis. — Graphical representation of IL-10 concentration levels at 24h and 48h in response to different LAB strains in the presence of FCs tested (GA, N and αT).