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. 2025 Aug 12;16:1608269. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1608269

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Copyright © 2025 Badaluta, Ionascu, Ditu, Curutiu, Holban, Oprea, Kourkoutas, Mihai, Cucu, Hudita, Marinescu and Lazar.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Bar charts depicting the diameter of growth inhibition zones (DGIZ) in millimeters for various compounds against three bacterial strains: E. coli 82, E. coli ATCC 25922, and K. pneumoniae 102. Each chart shows results for compounds αT:N, αT:GA, N:GA, αT:N:GA, and DMSO, with significant differences marked by asterisks representing p-values. — Graphic representation of Diameters of Growth Inhibition Zones (DGIZ) (mm) developed after 24 h of incubation of E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains (Gram-negative) in the presence of binary combinations (αT:N, αT:GA and GA:N) in a 1:1 volumetric ratio as well as ternary combination (αT:N:GA) in a 1:1:1 volumetric ratio, all at an initial concentration of 10 mg/mL. (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001). Barplots were created with modified data.