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. 2025 Aug 12;8:1524380. doi: 10.3389/frai.2025.1524380

Table 3.

Cross-validated average performance metrics of classic ML models on each 20 top-ranked features dataset.

Feature Extractor Best model Accuracy Precision Recall F1-score
MobileNetV3-Small Linear SVM 0.968 0.970 0.962 0.965
MobileNetV1 RBF SVM 0.958 0.955 0.936 0.944
MobileNetV3-Large RFC 0.935 0.934 0.923 0.925
MobileNetV2 Linear SVM 0.898 0.905 0.859 0.874

Four models acting as feature extractors were tested together with five different classical machine learning algorithms acting as classifiers. The accuracy, precision, recall, and f1-score for all hybrid models, on the 20 top-ranked features dataset, are reported below.