Table 1.

Summary of included studies

References	Population	Intervention	Comparison	Clinical outcomes	Design
Fluck et al. [13]	1105 patients aged above 60 with hip fractures	Identification of polypharmacy, including anticholinergics, and their impact on hip fracture patients	No medication review or intervention	Polypharmacy and ACB in patients with hip fractures are associated with LOS in the hospital One week or longer hospitalization: 55.1% for level 1 (ACB Score = 0 and < 4 drugs a day), 76.6% for level 2 (ACB Score ≥ 1 or ≥ 4 drugs a day), and 80.9% for level 3 (ACB Score ≥ 1 and ≥ 4 drugs a day) Two weeks or longer hospitalization: 19.8% (level 1) to 31.5% (level 2) and 38.1% (level 3) Unable to move within one-day post-surgery rose from 23.2% (level 1) to 36.2% (level 2) and 43.2% (level 3) Comorbidities, such as dementia, stroke, ischemic heart disease, and diabetes), further accentuated by failure to mobilize within 1-day after surgery and pressure ulcers	Retrospective observational study
Henriksen et al. [6]	50 hip fracture patients’ medical records from South-East Norway hospital with a relatively balanced gender distribution of 52% female	Medication management identification of patients with hip fractures	No medication review or intervention	Unclear patients’ outcomes. Still, in the survey, 79% of clinicians reported conducting reconciliation, 37% noted missing medication lists after transitions, and 86% agreed more reviews would benefit patients	A descriptive study using a self-administered clinician survey questionnaire and a retrospective review of hospital records of patients with hip fractures
Arshi et al. [14]	A total of 9360 hip fracture patients were identified from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, of whom 5070 (54.2%) were treated under a documented SHFP. The median age was 84 years, and 69.9% of patients were women	Standardized Hip Fracture Programs (SHFP), including medication review through a multidisciplinary evaluation	No medication review or intervention	Patients with SHFP had a lower risk-adjusted incidence of postoperative DVT within 30 days [0.8% vs. 1.7%, OR 0.48 (0.32–0.72), P < 0.001], discharge to inpatient facilities facility instead of home [77.3% vs. 81.5%, OR 0.72 (0.63–0.81), P < 0.001], rates of hospital readmission within 30 days [7.1% vs. 9.1%, OR 0.83 (0.71–0.97), P = 0.023]; conversely, SHFP was not significant in terms of mortality [6.6% vs. 6.5%, OR 0.97 (0.81–1.18), P = 0.777]	Retrospective cohort study
Komagamine and Hagane [4]	164 patients aged 65 and above with hip fractures	Screening and intervention to reduce polypharmacy in hip fracture patient	No medication review or intervention	The intervention to improve appropriate polypharmacy was associated with a reduction in PIMs but not an improvement in clinical outcomes The total number of potentially inappropriate medications at discharge was markedly lower in the intervention group than in the usual care group (0.8 ± 0.8 for the intervention group vs. 1.1 ± 1.0 for the usual care group; P = 0.03) No significant differences in the primary composite outcome were found between the intervention and usual care groups (7 in the intervention group and 28 in the usual care group, OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.41–2.65; P = 1.00)	Retrospective observational study
Sjoberg and Wallestedt [15]	199 patients aged 65 and above with hip fractures	A medication review performed by the physician conveyed either orally or written	No medication review or intervention	The study found no significant differences in hard clinical endpoints, including fracture incidence, hospitalizations, or mortality, between the intervention and control groups. While medication use improved, this did not translate into measurable favorable health effects. The mean number of fall-risk-increasing drugs per participant decreased slightly from 3.1 to 2.9 in the intervention group but remained at 3.1 in the control group (P = 0.62), indicating no meaningful reduction in medication-related fall risk. Despite these findings, the intervention was well received by physicians, with a median rating of 5 (IQR 4–6) for the oral component and 5 (IQR 4–5.5) for the text component. Nonetheless, the overall results suggest that increased medication adherence alone was not sufficient to significantly impact clinical outcomes such as fractures or hospitalizations	Randomized controlled study
Wagner et al. [16]	93,558 Medicaid enrollees aged 65 years or older. 51,529 in New York and 42,029 in New Jersey	Statewide policy on the review of benzodiazepines used by clinicians	No medication review or intervention	The triplicate prescription policy has successfully led to a major reduction in benzodiazepine prescriptions but did not have a notable impact on the risk of hip fractures	Quasi-experimental

PIMs potentially inappropriate medications, ACB Anticholinergic Agents Burden, LOS Length of Stay