Table 1.
Baseline characteristics for older hospitalized COVID-19 patients at time of admission categorized by APOP risk
| APOP low risk | APOP high risk* | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N = 251 | N = 138 | ||
| Demographics | |||
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 77 (74–82) | 85 (80–89) | NA |
| Female sex, n (%) | 99 (39.4) | 62 (44.9) | NA |
| Living institutionalized, n (%) | 11 (4.4) | 36 (26.3) | < 0.001 |
| Comorbidity | |||
| Charlson Comorbidity Index, median (IQR) | 2 (0–3) | 2 (1–3) | 0.002 |
| History of dementia, n (%) | 12 (4.8) | 34 (24.6) | NA |
| Geriatric measurements | |||
| Katz ADL score, median (IQR) | 0 (0–1) | 2 (0–5) | NA |
| Use of walking aid, n (%) | 62 (28.3) | 90 (75.6) | < 0.001 |
| Clinical Frailty Scale | |||
| CFS per group | < 0.001 | ||
| 1–3 (fit) | 141 (61.8) | 20 (16.8) | |
| 4–5 (pre-frail) | 55 (24.1) | 27 (22.7) | |
| 6–9 (frail) | 32 (12.7) | 72 (60.5) | |
| Disease severity indicators | |||
| Duration of symptoms until admission (days), median (IQR) | 6 (3–9) | 4 (1–7) | 0.005 |
| Body temperature (°C), mean (SD) | 37.8 (1.2) | 37.6 (1.1) | 0.168 |
| Respiratory rate (breaths/min), median (IQR) | 20 (17–25) | 20 (16–25) | 0.785 |
| Oxygen amount needed (L/min), median (IQR) | 2 (0–4) | 2 (0–4) | 0.786 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L), median (IQR) | 71 (30–122) | 55 (24–102) | 0.059 |
Analysis: Chi square test/Mann Whitney U test, Missing total group: 3 living institutionalized, 48 Katz ADL score, 51 use of walking aid, 42 Clinical Frailty Scale, 30 duration of symptoms, 8 body temperature, 18 respiratory rate, 25 oxygen amount needed, 8 C-reactive protein, Missing APOP low risk: 2 living institutionalized, 26 Katz ADL score, 32 use of walking aid, 23 Clinical Frailty Scale, 18 duration of symptoms, 7 body temperature, 15 respiratory rate, 15 oxygen amount needed, 5 C-reactive protein, Missing APOP high risk: 1 living institutionalized, 22 Katz ADL score, 19 use of walking aid, 19 Clinical Frailty Scale, 12 duration of symptoms, 1 body temperature, 3 respiratory rate, 10 oxygen amount needed, 3 C-reactive protein
N number, IQR interquartile range, SD standard deviation, SE standard error, ADL activities of daily living
*45% and more risk for mortality or functional decline in the coming 3 months on APOP screener