Table 4.

Results of axial coding.

Core category	Main category	Category
Core category one: dialectical identity reconstruction
Dialectical identity reconstruction	Ontological identity tension	Ontological identity stability
		Negotiation of hybrid identity
		Dilemma of the identity marginalization
	Linguistic symbolic capital	Language as an identity marker
		Strategies for linguistic capital accumulation
		Multimodality of language practices
	Reconstruction of social participation	Internalization of behavioral norms
		Reshaping of social habitus
		Acquisition of institutional capital
Core category two: emotion-right negotiation
Emotion-right negotiation	Exclusion structure and coping strategies	Stereotyped experiences
		Platform space exclusion
		Internalization and resistance to exclusion
	Emotional labor strategies	Conflict avoidance techniques
		Identity performance strategies
		Rationalized coping strategies
	Group interaction strategies	Tendency toward homogeneous interaction
		Cross-group collaboration strategies
		Exchange of cultural capital
	Digital field rights topography	Platform Structural Bias
		Digital anonymity effect
		Influence of socio-political context
Core category three: transcultural capital conversion
Transcultural capital conversion	Cultural capital investment	Accumulation of linguistic capital
		Conversion of capital within the education system
		Cultivation of social capital
	Construction of intercultural dialogue	Shared cultural space
		Cross-boundary professional interaction
		Cross-perspective thinking
	Structural integration barriers	Dilemma of mutual trust
		Ideological polarization
		Framework of resource allocation conflict