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. 2025 Aug 12;19:1625279. doi: 10.3389/fninf.2025.1625279

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Copyright © 2025 Tarara, Przybył, Schöning and Gunia.

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Flowchart depicting a signal processing system. It starts with a generic stream reader, followed by a temporal filter with bandpass filters between eight and thirteen hertz. Signals go through an identity phase, leading to five paths: Left Hand, Right Hand, Torso Left, Torso Right, and Tongue, all undergoing stimulation-based epoching. They converge at a regularized CSP trainer and connect to a player controller. — Screenshots of OpenViBE common spatial pattern (CSP) trainer algorithm. Combination of pipeline steps for training the CSP algorithm consisting of following steps: Bandpass filter 8–13 Hz box, Stimulation based epoching boxes (Left Hand, Right Hand, Torso Left, Torso Right, Tongue) and Regularized CSP Trainer box.