Table 2.
Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models for MACE (n = 200).
| Variable | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P value | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P value | |
| Autoantibodies seropositivity | 0.009 | 0.002 | ||
| Single seropositivity vs. seronegative | 2.646 (1.188–5.894) | 0.017 | 1.573 (0.658–2.769) | 0.748 |
| Double seropositivity vs. seronegative | 2.940 (1.394–6.200) | 0.005 | 2.386 (1.471–3.864) | <0.001 |
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age, years | 1.048 (1.015–1.088) | 0.004 | 1.044 (0.954–1.142) | 0.354 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 1.145 (0.441–2.975) | 0.781 | ||
| Body surface area, m2 | 0.517 (0.320–0.865) | 0.567 | ||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 1.029 (0.948–1.117) | 0.490 | ||
| Medical history | ||||
| Obesity, n (%) | 1.490 (0.630–3.524) | 0.364 | ||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 2.380 (1.222–4.633) | 0.011 | 4.253 (0.835–5.649) | 0.081 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 1.347 (0.564–3.217) | 0.503 | ||
| Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 1.442 (0.669–3.107) | 0.351 | ||
| Smoker, n (%) | 1.976 (1.198–4.672) | 0.121 | ||
| Ex-smoker, n (%) | 0.961 (0.451–2.044) | 0.917 | ||
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 2.211 (0.837–5.839) | 0.109 | ||
| Pacemaker, n (%) | 1.002 (1.001–1.005) | 0.638 | ||
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%) | 4.679 (1.106–9.792) | 0.036 | 1.081 (1.027–3.151) | 0.048 |
| Peripheral vascular disease, n (%) | 1.852 (0.640–5.358) | 0.255 | ||
| SBP at admission, mmHg | 0.989 (0.973–1.005) | 0.164 | ||
| DBP at admission, mmHg | 0.989 (0.964–1.014) | 0.368 | ||
| HR at admission, beats/min | 1.017 (0.994–1.041) | 0.153 | ||
| O2 sat at admission, % | 0.922 (0.855–0.994) | 0.035 | 1.042 (0.858–1.266) | 0.679 |
| Pain to balloon time, min | 1.002 (1.001–1.004) | 0.943 | ||
| Door to balloon time, min | 1.001 (0.996–1.002) | 0.963 | ||
| TIMI flow after PPCI <3 | 3.331 (1.342–8.267) | 0.009 | 1.425 (0.569–3.492) | 0.425 |
| Blush grade after PPCI ≤2 | 4.758 (1.893–11.96) | <0.001 | 3.258 (1.732–6.917) | 0.007 |
| Laboratory values at admission | ||||
| Peak of troponin, ng/L | 1.003 (1.001–1.006) | <0.001 | 1.015 (1.011–1.032) | 0.004 |
| CRP, mg/L | 1.012 (1.005–1.018) | <0.001 | 1.013 (0.993–1.034) | 0.212 |
| BNP, pg/ml | 1.002 (0.976–1.003) | 0.213 | ||
| eGFR, ml/min | 0.968 (0.952–0.984) | <0.001 | 0.978 (0.937–1.021) | 0.309 |
| D-dimer, ng/ml | 1.004 (1.001–1.019) | <0.001 | 1.001 (1.000–1.002) | 0.620 |
| Hemoglobin, mmol/L | 0.863 (0.778–0.888) | 0.061 | ||
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 1.004 (1.003–1.005) | <0.001 | ||
| Urea, mmol/L | 1.011 (1.010–1.015) | 0.012 | ||
| Medication | ||||
| ACE-inhibitor/ARB, n (%) | 1.546 (0.677–3.533) | 0.301 | ||
| β-blocker, n (%) | 1.498 (0.518–4.332) | 0.456 | ||
| Statin, n (%) | 0.653 (0.155–2.757) | 0.562 | ||
| Diuretic, n (%) | 0.825 (0.195–3.484) | 0.794 | ||
| Echocardiographic characteristics at discharge | ||||
| LVEDVi, ml/m2 | 1.023 (1.007–1.039) | 0.004 | ||
| LVESVi, ml/m2 | 1.040 (1.020–1-061) | <0.001 | ||
| LVEF, % | 0.932 (0.897–0.969) | <0.001 | 1.237 (1.028–1.489) | 0.024 |
| LVEF preserved ≥50%, n (%) | 0.378 (0.159–0.899) | 0.028 | ||
| LV Mass index, g/m2 | 1.020 (1.004–1.035) | 0.013 | 1.012 (0.986–1.039) | 0.359 |
| Wall motion score index | 9.206 (2.895–11.27) | <0.001 | 1.524 (1.052–1.890) | 0.006 |
| E/A ratio | 0.979 (0.363–2.640) | 0.967 | ||
| E/e’ ratio | 1.095 (0.985–1.218) | 0.094 | ||
| Mitral deceleration time, ms | 0.999 (0.992–1.005) | 0.702 | ||
| RV end-diastolic area, mm2/m2 | 0.953 (0.906–0.998) | 0.158 | ||
| RV end-systolic area, mm2/m2 | 0.941 (0.901–0.991) | 0.041 | ||
| RV systolic pressure, mmHg | 1.002 (0.997–1.006) | 0.259 | ||
| TAPSE at discharge, mm | 0.712 (0.225–2.253) | 0.563 | ||
| Right ventricular shortening fraction, % | 0.951 (0.907–0.997) | 0.037 | 0.875 (0.788–0.970) | 0.011 |
| Moderate mitral regurgitation, n (%) | 1.003 (0.899–1.006) | 0.236 | ||
| Moderate tricuspid regurgitation, n (%) | 1.001 (0.966–1.003) | 0.852 | ||
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; CRP, C-reactive protein; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; E/A, early/late filling velocity on transmitral Doppler; E/e'ratio, early filling velocity on transmitral Doppler/early relaxation velocity on tissue Doppler; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HR, heart rate; LV, left ventricular; LVEDVi, left ventricular end diastolic volume index; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESVi, left ventricular end systolic volume index; PPCI, primary percutaneous coronary intervention; RV, right ventricle; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion.