Table 3.

Unadjusted (n = 3619) and adjusted (n = 3016) logistic regression for study participants with at least one STOPP or at least one START indicator

Characteristic	Any STOPP Unadjusted			Any STOPP Adjusted			Any START Unadjusted			Any START Adjusted
	OR	95%CI	p	OR	95%CI	p	OR	95%CI	p	OR	95%CI	p
Age ≥ 75 yearsa	1.48	1.28, 1.70	< 0.001h	0.97	0.80, 1.17	0.728	1.43	1.25, 1.64	< 0.001	1.32	1.10, 1.57	0.002
Female sexb	1.24	1.08, 1.43	0.003	1.21	1.00, 1.46	0.048	1.64	1.42, 1.88	< 0.001	1.30	1.09, 1.55	0.003
Educationc
Secondary level	0.76	0.65, 0.90	0.002	0.84	0.68, 1.03	0.091	1.07	0.91, 1.26	0.414	1.17	0.97, 1.42	0.105
Third/higher level	0.64	0.54, 0.77	< 0.001	0.78	0.61, 0.99	0.043	0.91	0.77, 1.08	0.274	1.09	0.87, 1.37	0.447
Employmentd
Retired	1.76	1.39, 2.24	< 0.001	0.96	0.71, 1.30	0.793	2.04	1.62, 2.59	< 0.001	1.89	1.41, 2.54	< 0.001
Other	1.99	1.51, 2.64	< 0.001	0.98	0.69, 1.41	0.932	2.60	1.98, 3.42	< 0.001	1.98	1.40, 2.80	< 0.001
Health insurancee
Private insurance only	1.16	0.70, 1.90	0.562	1.19	0.69, 2.03	0.527	1.04	0.68, 1.58	0.868	0.85	0.54, 1.34	0.490
GMS cover only	2.61	1.62, 4.19	< 0.001	1.38	0.81, 2.34	0.237	1.59	1.06, 2.39	0.025	0.79	0.50, 1.25	0.324
Dual cover	2.38	1.47, 3.86	< 0.001	1.48	0.86, 2.53	0.156	1.51	0.99, 2.29	0.051	0.75	0.47, 1.18	0.213
Multimorbidityf
1 condition	1.95	1.39, 2.74	< 0.001	1.62	1.10, 2.39	0.014	1.90	1.31, 2.46	< 0.001	1.83	1.28, 2.63	0.001
2 conditions	2.51	1.82, 3.48	< 0.001	1.65	1.13, 2.40	0.009	2.81	2.08, 3.79	< 0.001	2.76	1.96, 3.89	< 0.001
≥ 3 conditions	5.46	4.02, 7.43	< 0.001	2.40	1.66, 3.48	< 0.001	5.58	1.49, 7.42	< 0.001	5.19	3.69, 7.31	< 0.001
Polypharmacyg
5–9 medications	4.36	3.72, 5.10	< 0.001	3.70	3.05, 4.47	< 0.001	1.65	1.13, 1.91	< 0.001	1.08	0.90, 1.30	0.390
≥ 10 medications	12.27	8.94, 16.84	< 0.001	9.03	6.27, 13.00	< 0.001	2.25	1.70, 2.97	< 0.001	1.32	0.95, 1.84	0.098

^aReferent is 65–74 years

^bReferent is male sex

^cReferent is primary level/none

^dReferent is employed; missing data for two participants

^eReferent is no cover; missing data for 601 participants

^fReferent is no chronic conditions

^gReferent is 0–4 regular medications

^h Associations with p <0.05 are in bold