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. 2025 Aug 12;16:1585658. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1585658

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Copyright © 2025 Ben, Zheng and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Path analysis diagram showing relationships and values between variables SC, CT, MAA, CSE, and MC. Arrows indicate direction, with values and p-values in parentheses, such as 0.286 (0.000) from SC to CSE. — PLS-SEM path coefficients and significance testing results of the structural model. MC, Musical creativity; CT, Creative thinking; MAA, Musical aesthetic ability; SC, Social capital; CSE, Creative self-efficacy.