Table 2.
Socio-demographic characteristics of AGYW and ABYM at baseline by SDPs in uMgungundlovu district between August 2021 to July 2022
| Variable | Total (N1 = 2772) | Clinics (N2 = 1833) | Youth Zone (N3 = 472) | Schools (N4 = 467) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic variables | n | % (95% CI) | n | % (95% CI) | n | % (95% CI) | n | % (95% CI) | F-value | Pearson chi-square p-value |
| PrEP initiation | ||||||||||
| Initiated PrEP | 781 | 28.2 (17.5–42.1) | 165 | 9.0 (4.4–17.5) | 275 | 58.3 (36.5–77.3) | 341 | 73.0 (58.2–84.0) | 33.1 | < 0.001 |
| Did not initiate PrEP | 1991 | 71.8 (57.9–82.5) | 1668 | 91.0 (82.6–95.6) | 197 | 41.7 (22.7–63.5) | 126 | 27.0 (16.0–41.8) | ||
| Nationality | ||||||||||
| South African | 2751 | 99.2 (98.3–99.7) | 1816 | 99.1 (97.7–99.6) | 740 | 99.6 (95.9–100) | 465 | 99.6 (97.4–99.9) | 0.1 | 0.90 |
| Other SADC | 18 | 0.6 (0.3–1.4) | 15 | 0.8 (0.3–2.0) | 1 | 0.2 (0.0–2.1) | 2 | 0.4 (0.1–2.6) | ||
| Other African | 2 | 0.1 (0.0–0.2) | 2 | 0.1 (0.0–0.4) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Outside Africa | 1 | 0.0 (0.0–0.3) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.2 (0.0–2.1) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Ethnicity | ||||||||||
| N1 = 2768; N2 = 1831; N3 = 472; N4 = 467 | ||||||||||
| Black African | 2748 | 99.3 (98.0–99.7) | 1814 | 99.1 (97.2–99.7) | 469 | 99.8 (97.9–100) | 465 | 99.6 (97.4–99.9) | 0.1 | 0.89 |
| Coloured | 14 | 0.5 (0.2–1.3) | 12 | 0.7 (0.2–1.8) | 1 | 0.2 (0.0–2.1) | 1 | 0.2 (0.0–1.3) | ||
| White | 2 | 0.1 (0.0–0.5) | 2 | 0.1 (0.0–0.6) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Indian/Asian | 2 | 0.1 (0.0–0.2) | 2 | 0.1 (0.0–0.4) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Other | 1 | 0.0 (0.0–0.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.3 (0.0–1.3) | ||
| Median Age (years) | 2772 | 21 (19–24) | 1833 | 22 (20–24) | 472 | 20 (17–22) | 467 | 18 (16–21) | 435 | < 0.001 |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Male | 1078 | 38.9 (30.1–48.5) | 850 | 46.4 (35.1–58.0) | 92 | 19.5 (14.2–26.1) | 136 | 29.1 (23.8–35.1) | 14.7 | < 0.001 |
| Female | 1694 | 61.1 (51.5–69.9) | 983 | 53.6 (42.0–64.9) | 380 | 80.5 (73.9–85.78) | 331 | 70.9 (64.9–76.2) | ||
| Age categories | ||||||||||
| 15–19 years | 857 | 30.9 (19.4–45.4) | 373 | 20.4 (13.7–29.2) | 221 | 46.8 (36.3–57.7) | 263 | 56.3 (9.9–93.8) | 2.8 | 0.11 |
| 20–24 years | 1384 | 49.9 (40.3–59.6) | 982 | 53.6 (49.6–57.5) | 217 | 46.0 (36.0–56.3) | 185 | 39.6 (6.6–86.0) | ||
| 25–29 years | 337 | 12.2 (8.8–16.5) | 292 | 15.9 (12.0–20.9) | 28 | 5.9 (4.1–8.5) | 17 | 3.6 (0.6–18.8) | ||
| 30–35 years | 194 | 7.0 (4.2–11.4) | 186 | 10.2 (6.5–15.5) | 6 | 1.3 (0.4–3.6) | 2 | 0.4 (0.1–2.7) | ||
| Highest education attained | ||||||||||
| N1 = 2769; N2 = 1833; N3 = 471; N4 = 4655 | ||||||||||
| No education | 2 | 0.1 (0.0–0.3) | 2 | 0.1 (0.0–0.4) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.9 | 0.41 |
| Primary education | 33 | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 21 | 1.1 (0.8–1.7) | 12 | 2.5 (2.2–3.0) | 0 | 0 | ||
| High school education | 2533 | 91.5 (84.0–95.6) | 1639 | 89.4 (79.2–95.0) | 443 | 94.1 (91.5–95.9) | 451 | 97.0 (84.5–99.5) | ||
| Tertiary | 196 | 7.1 (3.2–15.0) | 167 | 9.1 (3.9–20.0) | 15 | 3.2 (1.8–5.6) | 14 | 3.0 (0.5–15.5) | ||
| Currently studying | ||||||||||
| N1 = 2766; N2 = 1828; N3 = 471; N4 = 467 | ||||||||||
| No | 1241 | 44.9 (36.7–53.3) | 1055 | 57.7 (47.3–67.5) | 181 | 38.4 (28.3–49.7) | 5 | 1.1 (0.2–5.0) | 48.3 | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 1523 | 55.1 (46.7–63.2) | 771 | 42.2 (32.6–52.4) | 290 | 61.6 (50.3–71.7) | 462 | 98.9 (95.0–99.8) | ||
| Marital status | ||||||||||
| N1 = 2763; N2 = 1825; N3 = 472; N4 = 466 | ||||||||||
| Married (living together) | 19 | 0.7 (0.3–1.5) | 18 | 1.0 (0.4–2.3) | 1 | 0.2 (0.0–2.1) | 0 | 0 | 2.1 | 0.14 |
| Married (living separately) | 9 | 0.3 (0.1–0.8) | 4 | 0.2 (0.0–1.2) | 0 | 0 | 5 | 1.1 (0.5–2.1) | ||
| Cohabiting | 103 | 3.7 (2.5–5.6) | 90 | 4.9 (3.1–7.7) | 6 | 1.3 (0.5–3.1) | 7 | 1.5 (0.2–9.3) | ||
| Dating (living separately) | 1947 | 70.5 (65.7–74.9) | 1324 | 72.6 (68.2–76.5) | 334 | 70.8 (67.1–74.2) | 289 | 62.0 (40.9–79.4) | ||
| Single | 66 | 24.1 (19.5–29.5) | 379 | 20.8 (16.6–25.7) | 125 | 26.5 (23.2–30.1) | 162 | 34.8 (16.4–59.1) | ||
| Socio-economic variables | ||||||||||
| Worked past 12 months | ||||||||||
| N1 = 2754; N2 = 1823; N3 = 465; N4 = 466 | ||||||||||
| Never worked | 1607 | 58.4 (51.4–65.0) | 985 | 54.0 (43.5–64.2) | 279 | 60.0 (54.7–65.1) | 343 | 73.6 (69.3–77.5) | 8.6 | < 0.001 |
| Once in a while | 262 | 9.5 (5.5–16.1) | 242 | 13.3 (7.9–21.5) | 12 | 2.6 (2.2–3.0) | 8 | 1.7 (1.4–2.2) | ||
| Most months | 263 | 9.6 (7.5–12.1) | 215 | 11.8 (9.0–15.4) | 33 | 7.1 (4.8–10.4) | 15 | 3.2 (1.4–7.3) | ||
| Every month | 585 | 21.2 (15.5–28.4) | 360 | 19.8 (12.2–30.4) | 133 | 28.6 (26.0–31.4) | 92 | 19.7 (15.4–24.9) | ||
| Don’t know | 25 | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 14 | 0.8 (0.5–1.1) | 5 | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 6 | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | ||
| Prefer not to answer | 12 | 0.4 (0.2–0.9) | 7 | 0.4 (0.1–1.2) | 3 | 0.6 | 2 | 0.4 (0.1–2.7 | ||
| Food insecurity | ||||||||||
| Low | 2263 | 81.6 (75.5–86.5) | 1488 | 81.2 (72.0–88.9) | 381 | 80.7 (72.0–87.9) | 394 | 84.4 (70.9–92.3) | 0.9 | 0.41 |
| Medium | 359 | 13.0 (9.0–18.2) | 255 | 13.9 (8.5–21.9) | 54 | 11.4 (9.6–13.6) | 50 | 10.7 (4.5–23.5) | ||
| High | 53 | 1.9 (1.1–3.2) | 31 | 1.7 (0.7–3.9) | 17 | 3.6 (2.7–4.8) | 5 | 1.1 (0.5–2.1) | ||
| Prefer not to answer | 97 | 3.5 (2.9–4.2) | 59 | 3.2 (2.6–4.0) | 20 | 4.2 (3.0–6.0) | 18 | 3.9 (2.6–5.7) | ||
| Household income | ||||||||||
| N1 = 2765; N2 = 1823; N3 = 465; N4 = 466 | ||||||||||
| R0–999 | 1947 | 70.4 (61.2–78.2) | 1181 | 64.5 (52.6–74.9) | 397 | 84.7 (80.8–87.9) | 369 | 79.2 (75.1–82.7) | 12.9 | < 0.001 |
| R1000–4999 | 418 | 15.1 (9.9–22.4) | 357 | 19.5 (12.8–28.6) | 38 | 8.1 (7.3–9.0) | 23 | 4.9 (2.2–10.8) | ||
| R5000+ | 118 | 4.3 (2.1–8.5) | 113 | 6.2 (3.1–12.0) | 3 | 0.6 (0.2–1.9) | 2 | 0.4 (0.1–2.1) | ||
| Don’t know | 179 | 6.5 (5.0–8.4) | 110 | 6.0 (4.3–8.3) | 14 | 3.0 (2.1–4.2) | 55 | 11.8 (8.9–15.4) | ||
| Prefer not to answer | 103 | 3.7 (2.7–5.1) | 69 | 3.8 (2.5–5.8) | 17 | 3.6 (2.2–5.8) | 17 | 3.6 (2.3–5.8) | ||
| Received child grant | ||||||||||
| N1 = 2767; N2 = 1830; N3 = 470; N4 = 467 | ||||||||||
| No | 923 | 33.4 (26.1–41.5) | 699 | 38.2 (29.0–48.3) | 103 | 21.9 (19.9–24.1) | 121 | 25.9 (18.9–34.4) | 5.4 | < 0.01 |
| Yes | 1752 | 63.3 (55.1–70.8) | 1067 | 58.3 (48.1–67.8) | 362 | 77.0 (75.3–78.6) | 323 | 69.2 (64.0–73.9) | ||
| Don’t know | 85 | 3.1 (2.1–4.5) | 58 | 3.2 (2.0–5.0) | 5 | 1.1 (0.4–2.6) | 22 | 4.7 (2.1–10.2) | ||
| Prefer not to answer | 7 | 0.3 (0.1–0.7) | 6 | 0.3 (0.1–1.0) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.2 (0.0–1.4) | ||
| Received disability grant | ||||||||||
| N1 = 2706; N2 = 1793; N3 = 468; N4 = 445 | ||||||||||
| No | 2419 | 89.4 (86.4–91.8) | 1634 | 91.1 (88.0–93.5) | 397 | 84.8 (77.0–90.3) | 388 | 87.2 (84.7–89.4) | 4.0 | 0.04 |
| Yes | 287 | 10.6 (8.2–13.6) | 159 | 8.9 (6.5–12.0) | 71 | 15.2 (9.7–23.0) | 57 | 12.8 (10.6–15.3) | ||
| Received social grant | ||||||||||
| N1 = 2767; N2 = 1829; N3 = 472; N4 = 466 | ||||||||||
| No | 1511 | 54.6 (50.4–58.7) | 1043 | 57.0 (51.1–62.8) | 240 | 50.9 (44.6–57.1) | 228 | 48.9 (40.7–57.2) | 2.0 | 0.14 |
| Yes | 1148 | 41.5 (38.2–44.8) | 707 | 38.7 (33.9–43.7) | 227 | 48.1 (41.5–54.8) | 214 | 45.9 (43.2–48.6) | ||
| Don’t know | 104 | 3.8 (2.3–6.1) | 76 | 4.2 (2.5–6.8) | 4 | 0.8 (0.3–2.1) | 24 | 5.2 (1.3–17.8) | ||
| Prefer not to answer | 4 | 0.1 (0.0–0.6) | 3 | 0.2 (0.0–0.9) | 1 | 0.2 (0.0–1.5) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Sexual experience and other related factors | ||||||||||
| Age at sexual debut | ||||||||||
| N1 = 2,206; N2 = 1626; N3 = 323; N4 = 257 | ||||||||||
| ≤ 14 years | 149 | 6.8 (4.9–9.2) | 121 | 7.4 (5.6–9.8) | 7 | 2.2 (1.3–3.7) | 21 | 8.2 (1.7–31.1) | 0.8 | 0.44 |
| 15–17 years | 1009 | 45.7 (40.3–51.2) | 702 | 43.2 (37.5–49.1) | 177 | 54.8 (47.1–62.3) | 130 | 50.6 (29.8–71.2) | ||
| ≥ 18 years | 987 | 44.7 (39.4–50.2) | 746 | 45.9 (40.8–51.1) | 136 | 42.1 (34.9–49.7) | 105 | 40.9 (14.7–73.5) | ||
| Don’t know | 42 | 1.9 (1.0–3.8) | 40 | 2.5 (1.3–4.7) | 2 | 0.6 (0.1–6.0) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Prefer not to answer | 19 | 0.9 (0.4–1.7) | 17 | 1.0 (0.5–2.1) | 1 | 0.3 (0.0–2.3) | 1 | 0.4 (0.1–1.4) | ||
| First sex experience | ||||||||||
| N1 = 2206; N2 = 1624; N3 = 324; N4 = 258 | ||||||||||
| Wanted | 1766 | 80.1 (75.4–84.0) | 1332 | 82.0 (76.3–86.6) | 235 | 72.5 (58.3–83.3) | 199 | 77.1 (67.7–84.4) | 1.5 | 0.23 |
| Persuaded | 388 | 17.6 (13.6–22.5) | 258 | 15.9 (11.1–22.2) | 79 | 24.4 (14.7–37.7) | 51 | 19.8 (13.9–27.4) | ||
| Raped | 39 | 1.8 (1.2–2.5) | 28 | 1.7 (1.2–2.6) | 6 | 1.9 (0.6–5.6) | 5 | 1.9 (0.7–5.3) | ||
| Don’t know | 3 | 0.1 (0.0–0.5) | 2 | 0.1 (0.0–0.5) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.4 (0.0–5.5) | ||
| Prefer not to answer | 10 | 0.5 (0.2–0.9) | 4 | 0.2 (0.1–0.8) | 4 | 1.2 (0.4–3.5) | 2 | 0.8 (0.2–2.7) | ||
| Lifetime sexual partners | ||||||||||
| N1 = 2201; N2 = 1622; N3 = 322; N4 = 257 | ||||||||||
| One partner | 469 | 21.3 (17.5–25.7) | 295 | 18.2 (14.3–22.9) | 90 | 28.0 (19.8–37.8) | 84 | 32.7 (20.0–48.6) | 4.6 | < 0.01 |
| Two–three partners | 746 | 33.9 (29.4–38.7) | 516 | 31.8 (26.7–37.5) | 133 | 41.3 (34.7–48.3) | 97 | 37.7 (35.3–40.3) | ||
| Four or more partners | 843 | 38.3 (33.2–43.6) | 685 | 42.2 (36.7–48.0) | 87 | 27.0 (18.2–38.1) | 71 | 27.6 (17.9–40.0) | ||
| Don’t know | 113 | 5.1 (3.1–8.4) | 101 | 6.2 (3.8–10.0) | 10 | 3.1 (1.1–8.3) | 2 | 0.8 (0.2–2.9) | ||
| Prefer not to answer | 30 | 1.4 (0.7–2.6) | 25 | 1.5 (0.8–3.1) | 2 | 0.6 (0.2–2.2) | 3 | 1.2 (0.4–3.1) | ||
| Sex with main partner | ||||||||||
| N1 = 2182; N2 = 1614; N3 = 318; N4 = 250 | ||||||||||
| No | 242 | 11.1 (6.9–17.3) | 204 | 12.6 (7.6–20.4) | 17 | 5.3 (3.6–7.8) | 21 | 8.4 (5.8–12.0) | 2.4 | 0.10 |
| Yes | 1905 | 87.3 (81.6–91.4) | 1381 | 85.6 (78.6–90.5) | 299 | 94.0 (91.9–95.6) | 225 | 90.0 (85.1–93.4) | ||
| Prefer not to answer | 35 | 1.6 (1.0–2.5) | 29 | 1.8 (1.2–2.7) | 2 | 0.6 (0.2–2.1) | 4 | 1.6 (0.2–14.8) | ||
| Sex with additional partner | ||||||||||
| N1 = 2179; N2 = 1613; N3 = 317; N4 = 249 | ||||||||||
| No | 1434 | 65.8 (60.3–71.0) | 1016 | 63.0 (55.7–69.8) | 230 | 72.6 (65.5–78.7) | 188 | 75.5 (68.6–81.3) | 3.5 | 0.02 |
| Yes | 729 | 33.5 (28.2–39.1) | 585 | 36.3 (29.4–43.8) | 85 | 26.8 (21.2–33.3) | 59 | 23.7 (17.6–31.1) | ||
| Prefer not to answer | 16 | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) | 12 | 0.7 (0.4–1.4) | 2 | 0.6 (0.1–4.5) | 2 | 0.8 (0.2–2.8) | ||
| On contraceptives | ||||||||||
| N1 = 1690; N2 = 987; N3 = 379; N4 = 324 | ||||||||||
| No | 974 | 57.6 (50.9–64.1) | 494 | 50.1 (41.2–58.9) | 240 | 63.3 (57.2–69.0) | 240 | 74.1 (53.0–87.9) | 4.4 | 0.03 |
| Yes | 709 | 42.0 (35.7–48.5) | 489 | 49.5 (41.0–58.1) | 137 | 36.2 (31.0–41.6) | 83 | 25.6 (12.2–46.1) | ||
| Prefer not to answer | 7 | 0.4 (0.2–0.9) | 4 | 0.4 (0.1–1.2) | 2 | 0.5 (0.2–1.8) | 1 | 0.3 (0.0–2.1) | ||
The p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant is given in bold
p-values derived using Person Chi-squared test considered the one stage cluster design
Proportions (%) for the columns reported as n/N (except if data is missing - denominator added in the n column) and the associated 95% CI
CI Confidence interval