Table 5.
Socio-demographic characteristics at different follow-up times by PrEP initiation, KwaZulu Natal, August 2021 to July 2022
| 1-month follow-up | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Total (N1 = 190) | On PrEP (N2 = 148) | Off PrEP (N3 = 42) | |||||
| Demographic variables | n | % (95% CI) | n | % (95% CI) | n | % (95% CI) | F-value | p-value |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||
| N1 = 189; N2 = 148; N3 = 41 | ||||||||
| Black African | 187 | 98.4 (93.7–99.8) | 148 | 100 | 39 | 95.1 (79.9–99.9) | 9.2 | 0.02 |
| Coloured | 1 | 0.5 (0.1–3.2) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2.4 (0.5–10.6) | ||
| Other | 1 | 0.5 (0.1–3.2) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2.4 (0.5–10.6) | ||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 37 | 19.5 (9.5–35.8) | 30 | 20.3 (9.6–37.9) | 7 | 16.7 (6.9–35.0) | 0.5 | 0.48 |
| Female | 153 | 80.5 (64.2–90.5) | 118 | 79.7 (62.1–90.4) | 35 | 83.3 (65.0–93.1) | ||
| Age categories | ||||||||
| 15–19 years | 130 | 68.4 (46.7–84.3) | 109 | 73.7 (57.8–85.1) | 21 | 50.0 (9.2–90.8) | 1.3 | 0.30 |
| 20–24 years | 57 | 30.0 (14.9–51.3) | 36 | 24.3 (13.4–40.0) | 21 | 50.0 (9.2–90.8) | ||
| 25–29 years | 2 | 1.1 (0.2–5.3) | 2 | 1.4 (0.3–6.8) | 0 | 0 | ||
| 30–35 years | 1 | 0.5 (0.0–6.0) | 1 | 0.7 (0.1–7.2) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Highest education attained | ||||||||
| N1 = 189; N2 = 148; N3 = 41; | ||||||||
| Primary education | 1 | 0.5 (0.1–4.6) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2.4 (0.3–15.9) | 5.3 | 0.05 |
| High school education | 18 | 99.5 (95.4–99.9) | 148 | 100 | 40 | 97.6 (84.1–99.7) | ||
| Tertiary | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Prefer not to answer | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Married (living together) | 1 | 0.5 (0.0–6.0) | 1 | 0.7 (0.1–7.2) | 0 | 0 | 0.8 | 0.47 |
| Married (living separately) | 1 | 0.5 (0.0–6.0) | 1 | 0.7 (0.1–7.2) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Cohabiting | 3 | 1.6 (0.3–8.5) | 1 | 0.7 (0.1–7.2) | 2 | 4.8 (0.4–40.2) | ||
| Dating (living separately) | 107 | 56.3 (49.1–63.3) | 82 | 55.4 (50.1–60.6) | 25 | 59.5 (34.4–80.5) | ||
| Single | 77 | 40.5 (30.4–51.6) | 62 | 41.9 (33.8–50.4) | 15 | 35.7 (15.8–62.2) | ||
| Prefer not to answer | 1 | 0.5 (0.0–6.0) | 1 | 0.7 (0.0–10.6) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Food insecurity | ||||||||
| Low | 164 | 86.3 (84.8–87.7) | 128 | 86.5 (85.3–87.6) | 36 | 85.7 (77.4–91.3) | 0.9 | 0.41 |
| Medium | 16 | 8.4 (5.9–11.9) | 12 | 8.1 (5.4–12.0) | 4 | 9.5 (3.8–21.8) | ||
| High | 2 | 1.1 (0.3–3.6) | 1 | 0.7 (0.1–6.3) | 1 | 2.4 (0.5–10.7) | ||
| Prefer not to answer | 8 | 4.2 (2.1–8.2) | 7 | 4.7 (2.5–8.7) | 1 | 2.4 (0.5–10.7) | ||
| Household income | ||||||||
| R0–999 | 152 | 80.0 (73.9–85.0) | 118 | 79.7 (73.8–84.6) | 34 | 81.0 (59.1–92.6) | 0.7 | 0.54 |
| R1000–4999 | 10 | 5.3 (3.8–7.3) | 6 | 4.1 (2.4–6.8) | 4 | 9.5 (3.2–25.0) | ||
| R5000+ | 1 | 0.5 (0.0–6.0) | 1 | 0.7 (0.1–7.2) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Don’t know | 20 | 10.5 (8.4–13.1) | 17 | 11.5 (10.1–13.0) | 3 | 7.1 (1.4–29.0) | ||
| Prefer not to answer | 7 | 3.7 (1.5–8.5) | 6 | 4.1 (1.9–8.3) | 1 | 2.4 (0.2–25.6) | ||
| Received child grant | ||||||||
| No | 42 | 22.1 (15.3–30.9) | 33 | 22.3 (14.5–32.8) | 9 | 21.4 (13.4–32.4) | 2.9 | 0.13 |
| Yes | 135 | 71.1 (60.4–79.8) | 102 | 68.9 (55.8–79.6) | 33 | 78.6 (67.6–86.6) | ||
| Don’t know | 13 | 6.8 (4.4–10.4) | 13 | 8.8 (5.8–13.1) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Received disability grant | ||||||||
| N1 = 180; N2 = 138; N3 = 42; | ||||||||
| No | 161 | 89.4 (83.2–93.6) | 123 | 89.1 (77.8–95.1) | 38 | 90.5 (77.8–96.3) | 0.0 | 0.84 |
| Yes | 19 | 10.6 (6.4–16.8) | 15 | 10.9 (4.9–22.2) | 4 | 9.5 (3.7–22.2) | ||
| Received social grant | ||||||||
| N1 = 189; N2 = 148; N3 = 41 | ||||||||
| No | 89 | 47.1 (37.6–56.8) | 69 | 46.6 (34.9–58.7) | 20 | 48.8 (37.6–60.1) | 0.5 | 0.69 |
| Yes | 84 | 44.4 (36.0–53.2) | 65 | 43.9 (34.8–53.4) | 19 | 46.3 (32.6–60.7) | ||
| Don’t know | 15 | 7.9 (3.9–15.4) | 13 | 8.8 (4.3–17.2) | 2 | 4.9 (1.2–17.7) | ||
| Prefer not to answer | 1 | 0.5 (0.0–6.8) | 1 | 0.7 (0.1–8.0) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Service Delivery point | ||||||||
| Clinics | 17 | 8.9 (2.2–29.6) | 10 | 6.8 (1.4–27.6) | 7 | 16.7 (3.2–54.5) | 1.9 | 0.18 |
| Youth Zones | 29 | 15.3 (2.9–52.1) | 18 | 12.2 (3.3–35.7) | 11 | 26.2 (2.3–84.2) | ||
| High Schools | 128 | 67.4 (36.9–87.9) | 109 | 73.7 (48.3–89.3) | 19 | 45.2 (6.8–90.3) | ||
| TVET colleges | 16 | 8.4 (1.8–32.0) | 11 | 7.4 (1.1–37.4) | 5 | 11.9 (3.2–35.3) | ||
| 3-month follow-up | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Total (N4 = 190) | On PrEP (N5 = 148) | Off PrEP (N6 = 42) | |||||
| Demographic variables | n | % (95% CI) | n | % (95% CI) | n | % (95% CI) | F-value | p-value |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||
| Black African | 189 | 99.5 (96.4–99.9) | 150 | 100 | 39 | 97.5 (78.8–99.8) | 3.3 | 0.10 |
| Coloured | 1 | 0.5 (0.1–3.6) | 0 | 0 | 1 | |||
| Other | – | – | – | – | – | |||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 34 | 17.9 (8.8–32.9) | 28 | 18.7 (9.0–34.7) | 6 | 15.0 (7.5–27.7) | 1.0 | 0.35 |
| Female | 156 | 82.1 (67.1–91.2) | 122 | 81.3 (65.3–91.0) | 34 | 85.0 (72.3–92.5) | ||
| Age categories | ||||||||
| 15–19 years | 129 | 67.9 (55.2–78.4) | 103 | 68.7 (54.7–79.9) | 26 | 65.0 (47.6–79.2) | 0.5 | 0.63 |
| 20–24 years | 57 | 30.0 (18.6–44.5) | 43 | 28.7 (16.6–44.8) | 14 | 35.0 (20.8–52.4) | ||
| 25–29 years | 2 | 1.1 (0.2–5.3) | 2 | 1.3 (0.3–6.8) | 0 | 0 | ||
| 30–35 years | 2 | 1.1 (0.2–5.3) | 2 | 1.3 (0.3–6.8) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Highest education attained | ||||||||
| N4 = 189; N5 = 148; N6 = 41 | ||||||||
| Primary education | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| High school education | 185 | 97.9 (92.9–99.4) | 145 | 97.3 (91.2–99.2) | 40 | 100 | 0.6 | 0.52 |
| Tertiary | 3 | 1.6 (0.5–5.1) | 3 | 2.0 (0.6–6.4) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Prefer not to answer | 1 | 0.5 (0.1–4.8) | 1 | 0.7 (0.1–5.8) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Married (living together) | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Married (living separately) | 1 | 0.5 (0.1–5.2) | 1 | 0.7 (0.1–6.6) | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 0.83 |
| Cohabiting | 1 | 0.5 (0.1–5.2) | 1 | 0.7 (0.1–6.6) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Dating (living separately) | 115 | 60.5 (54.8–66.0) | 89 | 59.3 (53.2–65.2) | 26 | 65.0 (48.0–78.9) | ||
| Single | 70 | 36.8 (30.2–44.1) | 56 | 37.3 (29.3–46.2) | 14 | 35.0 (21.1–52.0) | ||
| Prefer not to answer | 3 | 1.6 (0.3–7.2) | 3 | 2.0 (0.4–9.4) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Food insecurity | ||||||||
| Low | 168 | 88.4 (85.3–91.0) | 133 | 88.7 (84.3–91.9) | 35 | 87.5 (64.9–96.4) | 0.3 | 0.76 |
| Medium | 15 | 7.9 (5.3–11.6) | 12 | 8.0 (5.4–11.7) | 3 | 7.5 (1.9–25.8) | ||
| High | 2 | 1.1 (0.2–4.8) | 1 | 0.7 (0.1–5.8) | 1 | 2.5 (0.3–20.3) | ||
| Prefer not to answer | 5 | 2.6 (1.5–4.6) | 4 | 2.7 (1.2–5.9) | 1 | 2.5 (0.3–20.3) | ||
| Household income | ||||||||
| R0–999 | 154 | 81.1 (74.1–86.5) | 120 | 80.0 (74.1–84.8) | 34 | 85.0 (68.9–93.5) | 0.4 | 0.77 |
| R1000–4999 | 12 | 6.3 (3.7–10.5) | 9 | 6.0 (3.9–9.1) | 3 | 7.5 (2.8–18.4) | ||
| R5000+ | 1 | 0.5 (0.1–5.2) | 1 | 0.7 (0.1–6.6) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Don’t know | 15 | 7.9 (5.1–12.0) | 13 | 8.7 (6.1–12.1) | 2 | 5.0 (1.0–21.7) | ||
| Prefer not to answer | 8 | 4.2 (1.8–9.4) | 7 | 4.7 (1.7–12.0) | 1 | 2.5 (0.2–21.2) | ||
| Received child grant | ||||||||
| No | 40 | 21.1 (17.0–25.8) | 30 | 20.0 (15.7–25.1) | 10 | 25.0 (10.9–47.6) | 2.3 | 0.16 |
| Yes | 138 | 72.6 (66.5–78.1) | 108 | 72.0 (66.2–77.2) | 30 | 75.0 (52.4–89.1) | ||
| Don’t know | 12 | 6.3 (4.5–8.7) | 12 | 8.0 (6.2–10.3) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Received disability grant | ||||||||
| N4 = 183; N5 = 143; N6 = 40 | ||||||||
| No | 155 | 84.7 (77.0–90.1) | 125 | 87.4 (76.0–93.8) | 30 | 75.0 (55.9–87.7) | 2.2 | 0.17 |
| Yes | 28 | 15.3 (9.9–23.0) | 18 | 12.6 (6.2–24.0) | 10 | 25.0 (12.4–44.1) | ||
| Received social grant | ||||||||
| No | 94 | 49.5 (367–62.3) | 75 | 50.0 (36.8–63.3) | 19 | 47.5 (32.2–63.2) | 4.3 | 0.03 |
| Yes | 85 | 44.7 (36.4–53.4) | 64 | 42.7 (34.9–50.8) | 21 | |||
| Don’t know | 11 | 5.8 (2.2–14.3) | 11 | 7.3 (3.1–16.5) | 0 | 52.5 (36.8–67.8) | ||
| Prefer not to answer | – | – | – | 0 | ||||
| Service Delivery point | ||||||||
| Clinics | 29 | 15.3 (7.0–30.2) | 22 | 14.7 (5.6–33.1) | 7 | 17.5 (5.6–42.9) | 4.4 | 0.04 |
| Youth Zones | 31 | 16.3 (7.4–32.1) | 18 | 12.0 (5.2–25.2) | 13 | 32.5 (15.8–55.2) | ||
| High Schools | 115 | 60.5 (42.3–76.3) | 99 | 66.0 (45.6–81.8) | 16 | 40.0 (26.4–55.3) | ||
| TVET colleges | 15 | 7.9 (2.0–26.1) | 11 | 7.3 (1.7–26.5) | 4 | 10.0 (3.2–26.9) | ||
| 6–month follow–up | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Total (N7 = 182) | On PrEP (N8 = 155) | Off PrEP (N9 = 27) | |||||
| Demographic variables | n | % (95% CI) | n | % (95% CI) | n | % (95% CI) | F-value | p-value |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||
| Black African | 180 | 99.5 (96.4–99.9) | 154 | 99.4 (96.4–99.9) | 26 | 96.3 (81.0–99.9) | 0.17 | 0.86 |
| Coloured | 1 | 0.5 (0.1–3.7) | 1 | 0.6 (0.1–3.6) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Other | – | 0.5 (0.1–3.7) | – | – | – | 3.7 (0.1–19.0) | ||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 30 | 16.5 (11.4–22.7) | 28 | 18.1 (12.4–25.0) | 2 | 7.4 (0.9–24.3) | 1.9 | 0.17 |
| Female | 152 | 83.5 (77.3–88.6) | 127 | 81.9 (75.0–87.6) | 25 | 92.6 (75.7–99.1) | ||
| Age categories | ||||||||
| 15–19 years | 106 | 58.2 (50.7–65.5) | 92 | 59.4 (51.2–67.2) | 14 | 51.9 (31.9–71.3) | 1.2 | 0.72 |
| 20–24 years | 68 | 37.4 (30.3–44.8) | 56 | 36.1 (28.6–44.2) | 12 | 44.4 (25.5–64.7) | ||
| 25–29 years | 5 | 2.8 (0.1–6.3) | 4 | 2.6 (0.7–6.5) | 1 | 3.7 (0.1–19.0) | ||
| 30–35 years | 3 | 1.7 (0.3–4.7) | 3 | 1.9 (0.4–5.6) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Highest education attained | ||||||||
| Primary education | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| High school education | 174 | 95.6 (91.5–98.1) | 147 | 94.8 (90.1–97.7) | 27 | 100 | 1.3 | 0.60 |
| Tertiary | 7 | 3.9 (1.6–7.8) | 7 | 4.5 (1.8–9.1) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Prefer not to answer | 1 | 0.6 (0.0–3.0) | 1 | 0.7 (0.0–3.5) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Married (living together) | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Married (living separately) | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Cohabiting | 3 | 1.7 (0.3–4.7) | 2 | 1.3 (0.2–4.6) | 1 | 3.7 (0.1–19.0) | 1.5 | 0.44 |
| Dating (living separately) | 119 | 65.4 (58.0–72.3) | 100 | 64.5 (56.4–72.0) | 19 | 70.4 (49.8–86.2) | ||
| Single | 59 | 32.4 (25.7–39.7) | 52 | 33.6 (26.2–41.6) | 7 | 25.9 (11.1–46.3) | ||
| Prefer not to answer | 1 | 0.5 (0.1–3.7) | 1 | 0.7 (0.0–3.5) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Food insecurity | ||||||||
| Low | 158 | 86.8 (81.0–91.4) | 134 | 86.5 (80.0–91.4) | 24 | 88.9 (70.8–97.6) | 0.9 | 0.82 |
| Medium | 19 | 10.4 (6.4–15.8) | 16 | 10.3 (6.0–16.2) | 3 | 11.1 (2.4–29.2) | ||
| High | 1 | 0.6 (0.0–3.7) | 1 | 0.6 (0.1–3.6) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Prefer not to answer | 4 | 2.2 (0.6–5.5) | 4 | 2.6 (0.7–6.5) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Household income | ||||||||
| R0–999 | 150 | 82.4 (76.1–87.7) | 125 | 80.7 (73.5–86.5) | 25 | 92.6 (75.7–99.1) | 2.9 | 0.73 |
| R1000–4999 | 8 | 4.4 (1.9–8.5) | 8 | 5.2 (2.3–9.9) | 0 | 0 | ||
| R5000+ | 1 | 0.6 (0.0–3.0) | 1 | 0.7 (0.0–3.5) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Don’t know | 19 | 10.4 (6.4–15.8) | 17 | 11.0 (6.5–17.0) | 2 | 7.4 (0.9–24.3) | ||
| Prefer not to answer | 4 | 2.2 (0.6–5.5) | 4 | 2.6 (0.7–6.5) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Received child grant | ||||||||
| No | 39 | 21.4 (15.7–28.1) | 31 | 20.0 (14.0–27.2) | 8 | 29.6 (13.8–50.2) | 2.5 | 0.34 |
| Yes | 135 | 74.2 (67.2–80.4) | 116 | 74.8 (67.2–81.5) | 19 | 70.4 (49.8–86.2) | ||
| Don’t know | 8 | 4.4 (1.9–8.5) | 8 | 5.2 (2.3–9.9) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Received disability grant | ||||||||
| N7 = 175; N8 = 148; N9 = 27 | ||||||||
| No | 153 | 87.4 (81.6–91.6) | 128 | 86.5 (79.9–91.5) | 25 | 92.6 (75.7–99.1) | 0.8 | 0.30 |
| Yes | 22 | 12.6 (8.0–18.4) | 20 | 13.5 (8.5–20.1) | 2 | 7.4 (0.9–24.3) | ||
| Received social grant | ||||||||
| No | 87 | 47.8 (40.4–55.3) | 76 | 49.0 (40.9–57.2) | 11 | 40.7 (22.4–61.2) | 1.4 | 0.60 |
| Yes | 83 | 45.6 (38.2–53.1) | 68 | 43.9 (35.9–52.1) | 15 | 55.6 (35.3–74.5) | ||
| Don’t know | 12 | 6.6 (3.5–11.2) | 11 | 7.1 (3.6–12.3) | 1 | 3.7 (0.1–19.0) | ||
| Prefer not to answer | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Service Delivery point | ||||||||
| Clinics | 22 | 12.1 (7.7–17.7) | 16 | 10.3 (6.0–16.2) | 6 | 22.2 (8.6–42.3) | 11.1 | 0.01 |
| Youth Zones | 42 | 23.1 (17.2–29.9) | 31 | 20.0 (14.0–27.2) | 11 | 40.7 (22.4–61.2) | ||
| High Schools | 94 | 51.7 (44.1–59.1) | 87 | 56.1 (47.9–64.1) | 7 | 25.9 (11.1–46.3) | ||
| TVET colleges | 24 | 13.2 (8.6–19.0) | 21 | 13.6 (8.6–20.0) | 3 | 11.1 (2.4–29.2) | ||
The p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant is given in bold
p-values derived using Pearson Chi-squared test and considered the one stage cluster design
Proportions (%) for the columns reported as n/N (except if data is missing - denominator added in the n column) and the associated 95% CI; CI Confidence Interval