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. 2025 May 17;13(3):617–629. doi: 10.1007/s40487-025-00345-3

Table 6.

Scenario analysis results

Scenario Incremental QALYs (discounted) Incremental costs (discounted), € ICER, €/QALY
Healthcare perspective 0.63 44,298 70,282
Time horizon of 10 years 0.49 46,761 95,307
Combined OS fit: log-normal (best statistical fit) 0.60 48,556 80,831

OS individual fits (best statistical fits)

 Avelumab + BSC: log-normal

 BSC alone: log-normal

0.66 49,339 74,908
PFS with avelumab + BSC: generalized gamma (second statistical fit) 0.63 48,211 76,529
PFS with BSC alone: log-logistic (second statistical fit) 0.63 48,243 76,642
TTD: treat to progression (including 2-year treatment stop) 0.63 44,746 70,992
Relative dosing intensity from clinical trial applied to avelumab costs 0.63 39,352 62,434

BSC best supportive care, ICER incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, OS overall survival, PFS progression-free survival, QALY quality-adjusted life year, TTD time to discontinuation