Table 1.
Participant distribution in communities near former smelter sites based on epidemiological characteristics
| Characteristics | Total (N = 37) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age | < 69 | 3 (8.1) |
| 70–79 | 11 (29.7) | |
| ≥ 80 | 23 (62.2) | |
| Mean ± SD | 79.6 ± 8.35 | |
| Sex | Male | 11 (29.7) |
| Female | 26 (70.3) | |
| Duration of residence (years) | < 49 | 6 (16.2) |
| 50–69 | 18 (48.6) | |
| ≥ 70 | 13 (35.1) | |
| Mean ± SD | 62.9 ± 13.5 | |
| Distance from smelter, (km) | < 2.0 | 13 (35.1) |
| ≥ 2.0 | 24 (64.9) | |
| Smoking status | Non-smoker | 28 (75.7) |
| Smoker | 9 (24.3) | |
| Alcohol consumption | Non-drinker | 20 (54.1) |
| Drinker | 17 (45.9) | |
| Local rice consumption (%) | < 50 | 25 (67.6) |
| ≥ 50 | 12 (32.4) | |
| Drinking water source | Tap water/filter water | 37 (100) |
| Underground water | – | |
| Occupational smelter exposure | Yes | 14 (37.8) |
| No | 23 (62.2) |
Mean arithmetic mean, SD standard deviation