Table 4.
Geometric mean (GSD) concentrations of metals in urine and blood stratified by residential proximity and migration status (N = 28)
| Heavy metal | Year | Distance | Migration status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| < 2 km | ≥ 2 km | Yes | No | ||
| Blood Pb (µg/dL) | 2008 | 4.93 (1.34) | 4.51 (1.43) | 4.45 (1.45) | 4.94 (1.34) |
| 2020 | 2.04 (1.50) | 1.88 (1.74) | 1.90 (1.72) | 2.00 (1.56) | |
| P-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| Blood Cd (µg /dL) | 2008 | 3.93 (1.51) | 3.70 (1.73) | 3.53 (1.76) | 4.08 (1.49) |
| 2020 | 3.00 (1.67) | 2.70 (1.58) | 2.68 (1.63) | 2.97 (1.61) | |
| P-value | 0.129 | 0.009 | 0.028 | 0.044 | |
| Urine Cd (μg/g cr) | 2008 | 5.24 (1.30) | 4.55 (1.62) | 4.62 (1.67) | 5.05 (1.30) |
| 2020 | 5.32 (1.59) | 3.46 (1.87) | 3.24 (1.90) | 5.34 (1.53) | |
| P-value | 0.552 | 0.053 | 0.014 | 0.379 | |
GM geometric mean, GSD geometric standard deviation, cr creatinine
Numbers in bold indicate significant differences (P < 0.05)