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. 2025 Apr 1;60(9):2135–2147. doi: 10.1007/s00127-025-02879-3

Table 1.

Sociodemographic, clinical characteristics and outcome at baseline

Total
n = 929
TAU
n = 459
GBV
n = 470
p
diff1
Sociodemographic characteristics
Female n (%) 582 (62.8) 288 (63.0) 294 (62.6) 0.136
Age m (SD) 42.4 (13.2) 42.3 (13.3) 42.5 (13.1) 0.807
Higher education n (%) 520 (56.1) 252 (55.1) 268 (57.0) 0.564
Having a partner n (%) 334 (36.0) 161 (35.2) 173 (36.8) 0.617
Living alone n (%) 421 (45.5) 206 (45.1) 215 (45.8) 0.815
Employed n (%) 388 (41.8) 201 (43.9) 187 (39.8) 0.206
German citizen n (%) 856 (92.3) 428 (93.7) 428 (91.1) 0.138
Monthly income above 2,500 € n (%) 308 (34.5) 154 (35.2) 154 (33.8) 0.662
Health insurance TK n (%) 744 (80.3) 358 (78.3) 386 (82.1) 0.633
Clinical characteristics
Years mentally ill m (SD) 15.1 (13.0) 14.9 (12.5) 15.4 (13.4) 0.697
Inpatient admissions m (SD) 2.4 (4.0) 2.4 (3.8) 2.4 (4.3) 0.430
Psychiatric diagnosis group ICD-10
-Psychosis (F2) n (%) 85 (9.2) 46 (10.1) 39 (8.3) 0.362
-Affective (F3) n (%) 629 (67.7) 307 (66.9) 322 (68.5) 0.596
-Anxiety (F4) n (%) 156 (16.8) 77 (16.8) 79 (16.8) 0.989
-Other n (%) 59 (6.4) 29 (6.3) 30 (6.4) 0.968
Baseline outcome measures
EPAS total score m (SD) 2.97 (0.54) 2.98 (0.53) 2.96 (0.55) 0.549
HoNOS total score m (SD) 15.27 ( 15.26 (5.53) 15.28 (5.35) 0.959
WHOQOL-BREF m (SD) 37.27 (20.26) 37.25 (20.02) 37.29 (20.51) 0.980
ZUF-8 m (SD) 20.72 (4.97) 20.47 (4.99) 20.96 (4.93) 0.139
CAN number of unmet needs / number of total needs m (SD) 0.69 (0.27) 0.70 (0.27) 0.68 (0.27) 0.191

1 Pearson’s Chi2 tests were conducted for categorical variables and Students t-tests were applied with continuous variables

TAU = Treatment as usual (control group); GBV = Gemeindepsychiatrische Basisversorgung (intervention group); EPAS = Assessment of Empowerment in Patients with Affective and Schizophrenic Disorders; HoNOS = Health of the Nations outcome Scale; WHOQOL-BREF = WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire Brief Version; ZUF-8 = Service Satisfaction Questionnaire; CAN = Camberwell Assessment of Needs