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. 2025 Apr 23;23(3):203–211. doi: 10.1007/s12574-025-00689-9

Table 3.

Right atrial strain means measured by different echocardiography strain software in age, sex, and echocardiography scanner vendor subgroups in healthy subjects

Strain vendor software TomTec EchoPAC VVI Epsilon
Number of subjects 100 50 (GE scans only) 100 100
RASr (%)
Overall (n = 100) 41.2 ± 0.9 35.9 ± 0.7 44.8 ± 1.3 38.9 ± 1.1
Age group (years)
 18–29 (n = 20) 44.4 ± 1.9 36.1 ± 3.9 51.4 ± 3.8 43.6 ± 1.9
 30–39 (n = 20) 38.6 ± 2.0 38.2 ± 3.0 45.3 ± 2.4 37.0 ± 2.9
 40–49 (n = 20) 43.1 ± 1.6 35.3 ± 1.7 42.4 ± 2.8 38.4 ± 3.1
 50–59 (n = 20) 43.0 ± 2.4 33.0 ± 1.3 41.7 ± 2.2 37.9 ± 2.3
 60 + (n = 20) 37.2 ± 1.8 32.3 ± 1.6 43.1 ± 2.3 37.4 ± 1.7
Sex
 Male (n = 50) 41.0 ± 1.3 33.0 ± 2.0 43.8 ± 1.7 36.9 ± 1.6
 Female (n = 50) 41.5 ± 1.2 37.3 ± 1.5 45.7 ± 1.9 40.8 ± 1.5
Scanner
 GE (n = 50) 41.4 ± 1.2 35.1 ± 1.3 46.3 ± 1.9 36.6 ± 1.3
 Philips (n = 50) 41.1 ± 1.3 Non-measurable 43.3 ± 1.7 41.2 ± 1.8
RAScd (%)
Overall (n = 100) −25.9 ± 0.8 −22.9 ± 0.7 −27.6 ± 1.1 −24.5 ± 1.0
Age group (years)
 18–29 (n = 20) −30.2 ± 1.9 −27.4 ± 2.9 −36.3 ± 3.3 −29.2 ± 1.9
 30–39 (n = 20) −24.3 ± 1.8 −26.0 ± 2.3 −24.9 ± 1.8 −24.3 ± 2.6
 40–49 (n = 20) −27.8 ± 1.7 −21.8 ± 1.6− −28.8 ± 2.4 −25.4 ± 2.8
 50–59 (n = 20) −25.5 ± 1.9 −18.4 ± 1.4 −24.0 ± 1.9 −23.4 ± 1.9
 60 + (n = 20) −21.9 ± 1.4 −19.9 ± 2.0 −24.0 ± 1.6 −20.1 ± 1.6
Sex
 Male (n = 50) −25.9 ± 1.2 −20.6 ± 1.5 −26.1 ± 1.4 −23.1 ± 1.5
 Female (n = 50) −26.0 ± 1.1 −25.1 ± 1.3 −29.1 ± 1.7 −25.8 ± 1.3
Scanner
 GE (n = 50) −26.1 ± 1.2 −22.8 ± 1.0 −28.7 ± 1.8 −22.3 ± 1.1
 Philips (n = 50) −25.8 ± 1.1 Non-measurable −26.6 ± 1.3 −26.7 ± 1.6
RASct (%)
Overall (n = 100) −15.3 ± 0.5 −12.4 ± 0.5 −17.1 ± 0.8 −14.3 ± 0.4
Age group (years)
 18–29 (n = 20) −14.2 ± 1.0 −13.6 ± 1.3 −14.4 ± 1.8 −14.5 ± 3.9
 30–39 (n = 20) −14.2 ± 0.8 −12.0 ± 1.2 −20.4 ± 1.9 −12.7 ± 1.0
 40–49 (n = 20) −15.3 ± 0.8 −13.6 ± 1.0 −13.6 ± 0.9 −13.3 ± 1.0
 50–59 (n = 20) −17.5 ± 1.3 −10.3 ± 3.0 −17.8 ± 2.1 −14.5 ± 0.9
 60 + (n = 20) −15.3 ± 1.0 −12.2 ± 0.9 −19.1 ± 1.7 −16.9 ± 0.9
Sex
 Male (n = 50) −15.1 ± 0.6 −13.9 ± 0.7 −17.4 ± 1.3 −13.7 ± 0.6
 Female (n = 50) −15.5 ± 0.6 −10.9 ± 1.4 −16.7 ± 0.9 −15.0 ± 0.7
Scanner
 GE (n = 50) −15.3 ± 0.6 −12.4 ± 0.8 −17.4 ± 1.0 −14.2 ± 0.6
 Philips (n = 50) −15.3 ± 0.7 Non-measurable −16.7 ± 1.2 −14.5 ± 0.7

Means ± standard errors. RASr right atrial reservoir strain, RAScd right atrial conduit strain, RASct right atrial contractile strain, VVI velocity vector imaging