Table 4.
Linear mixed model multivariable regression longitudinal analyses of clinical and echocardiography factors associated with right atrial reservoir, conduit, and contractile strain in healthy subjects
| Covariate\model | RASr | RAScd | RASct |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (per 10 years) | −1.43 (−2.40, −0.46) | 1.91 (1.09, 2.73) | −0.34 (−0.82, 0.01) |
| Female | 0.55 (−2.44, 3.54) | −0.69 (−3.23, 1.85) | 0.73 (−0.79, 2.25) |
| Body mass index (per 10 kg/m2) | −0.29 (−2.97, 2.39) | 0.66 (−1.66, 2.98) | −0.09 (−1.41, 1.23) |
| Heart rate (per 10 beats/minute) | −0.28 (−1.46, 0.90) | 0.22 (−0.78, 1.21) | −0.08 (−0.66, 0.51) |
| Systolic blood pressure (per 10 mmHg) | 0.59 (−0.29, 1.48) | −0.23 (−0.95, 0.50) | −0.52 (−0.98, −0.01) |
| Frame rate (per 10 Hz) | −0.46 (−1.78, 0.87) | 0.24 (−0.89, 1.37) | −0.06 (−072, 0.61) |
| Right atrial volume index (per 10 mL/m2) | −0.17 (−2.15, 2.11) | −0.60 (−2.44, 1.25) | 0.32 (−0.78, 1.42) |
| Philips scanner (versus GE) | 0.68 (−2.19, 3.54) | −0.80 (−3.20, 1.61) | 0.04 (−1.40, 1.47) |
| EchoPAC (versus TomTec) strain software | −6.29 (−9.99, −2.59) | 2.97 (−0.15, 6.09) | 2.91 (0.87, 4.95) |
| VVI (versus TomTec) strain software | 3.55 (0.74, 6.36) | −1.65 (−4.01, 0.68) | −1.76 (−3.30, −0.22) |
| Epsilon (versus TomTec) strain software | −2.38 (−5.19, 0.43) | 1.43 (−0.92, 3.78) | 0.95 (−0.58, 2.49) |
Beta-coefficients (95% confidence interval). P value < 0.05 in bold. RASr right atrial reservoir strain, RAScd right atrial conduit strain, RASct right atrial contractile strain, VVI velocity vector imaging