Table 4.
Comparison of characteristics between walking less than 100 m and more than 100 m on the day after surgery
| Variables | 100 m < (n = 38) | 100 m > = (n = 66) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 73.5 ± 9.5 | 70.7 ± 8.1 | 0.115 |
| Height (cm) | 160.7 ± 10.3 | 161.0 ± 9.3 | 0.856 |
| Weight (kg) | 59.3 ± 14.1 | 58.2 ± 10.1 | 0.638 |
| BMI | 22.7 ± 3.8 | 22.3 ± 3 | 0.630 |
| Sex (men/women) | 27/11 | 40/26 | 0.284 |
| Smoking history (yes/no) | 30/8 | 43/23 | 0.139 |
| Stages of lung cancer (1A/1B/2A/2B/3A/3B/4A/4B) | 20/5/ 3/3/6/0/1/1 | 44/16/1/1/ 2/1/1/0 | 0.060 |
| Spirometry (normal/FEV1.0% < 70/FVC < 80/FEV1.0% < 70 and FVC < 80) | 22/10/5/1 | 37/24/4/1 | 0.509 |
| % DLco | 67.5 ± 17 | 75.8 ± 17 | 0.019 |
| Preoperative chemotherapy (yes/no) | 7/31 | 13/53 | 0.874 |
| Frailtya (yes/no) | 3/35 | 2/64 | 0.307 |
| Comorbidity | |||
| Interstitial pneumonia | 14/ 24 | 12/ 54 | 0.034 |
| COPD/asthma | 5/33 | 3/63 | 0.112 |
| Hypertension | 17/21 | 26/40 | 0.594 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 7/31 | 9/57 | 0.515 |
| Coronary artery disease | 10/28 | 8/58 | 0.065 |
| Preoperative brain metastases | 2/36 | 4/62 | 0.867 |
| Malignant tumor, cancer | 13/25 | 22/44 | 0.927 |
| Musculoskeletal disease | 3/35 | 7/59 | 0.652 |
| Operative time (min) | 152.8 ± 68.5 | 129.7 ± 47.1 | 0.001 |
| Operating methods | 0.753 | ||
| Lobectomy | 22 | 35 | |
| Segmentectomy | 10 | 22 | |
| Wedge resection | 6 | 9 | |
| Laterality and lobe (right/left) | 0.851 | ||
| Right upper lobe | 10 | 19 | |
| Right middle lobe | 2 | 7 | |
| Right lower lobe | 7 | 13 | |
| Left upper lobe | 10 | 15 | |
| Left lower lobe | 9 | 12 | |
| PCA (PCEA/iv-PCA/none) | 28/9/1 | 57/8/1 | 0.272 |
| Pain at initiating walking training (numerical rating scale) | 4.6 ± 3.0 | 3.8 ± 3.1 | 0.112 |
| Using Sivelestat sodium hydrate (yes/no) | 14/24 | 11/55 | 0.020 |
| Using home oxygen therapy (yes/no) | 1/37 | 0/66 | 0.185 |
| Postoperative drainage (day) | 4.2 ± 2.8 | 3.8 ± 2.1 | 0.420 |
| Hospitalization (from operation to enter the hospital) | 9.6 ± 4.6 | 7.4 ± 1.9 | 0.030 |
| Complications (yes/no) | 10/28 | 8/58 | |
| Pulmonary fistula, prolonged air leaks | 5 | 7 | 0.695 |
| Atelecthasis | 1 | 0 | 0.185 |
| Pneumonia | 1 | 1 | 0.690 |
| Bowel obstruction | 1 | 0 | 0.185 |
| Tachycardia, atrial fibrillation | 2 | 0 | 0.057 |
Bold values indicate p < 0.05
PCA patient controlled analgesia, PCEA patient controlled epidural analgesia
aHandgrip strength of less than 26 kg for men and less than 18 kg for women as well as a walking speed of less than 1.0 m/s