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. 2025 Aug 12;16:1576150. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1576150

TABLE 2.

Univariate analysis of factors associated with resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Factors Category Spearman’s Ro t-test P
Age 0.257 <0.001
Sex Male 26.37 (6.66) <0.001
Female 28 (6.43)
Spirituality1 0.449 <0.001
Social support2 0.254 <0.001
Quality of life3 0.463 <0.001
PHQ-9 −0.506
Depression diagnosis Yes 28.11 (5.96) <0.001
No 22.19 (6.79)

CI, Confidence interval;

1Evaluated through the abbreviated World Health Organization Quality of Life - Spirituality, Religiousness, and Personal Beliefs (WHOQOL SRPB BREF);

2Evaluated through Social Support Questionnaire – Medical Outcomes Study (MOS);

3Evaluated through EUROHIS-Quality of Life (QOL) 8-item index.