Table 2.
Summary of key cardiovascular outcomes from GLP-1 RA studies
| Study | GLP-1 RA agent | Outcome of interesta | Observed difference (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Major adverse cardiac events | |||
| AMPLITUDE-O | Efpeglenatide | MACE (HR) | 0.73 (0.58–0.92)⇞ |
| EXSCEL | Exenatide | MACE (HR) | 0.91 (0.83–1.00) |
| Harmony Outcomes | Albiglutide | MACE (HR) | 0.78 (0.68–0.90)⇞ |
| LEADER | Liraglutide | MACE (HR) | 0.87 (0.78–0.97)⇞ |
| PIONEER 6 | Semaglutide | MACE (HR) | 0.79 (0.57–1.11) |
| REWIND | Dulaglutide | MACE (HR) | 0.88 (0.79–0.99)⇞ |
| SOUL | Semaglutide | MACE (HR) | 0.86 (0.75–0.99)⇞ |
| SUSTAIN-6 | Semaglutide | MACE (HR) | 0.74 (0.58–0.95)⇞ |
| Coronary and peripheral artery disease | |||
| AMPLITUDE-O | Efpeglenatide | MI (HR) | 0.75 (0.54–1.05) |
| ELIXA | Lixisenatide | MI (HR) | 1.03 (0.87–1.22) |
| EXSCEL | Exenatide | MI (HR) | 0.97(0.85–1.10) |
| Harmony Outcomes | Albiglutide | MI (HR) | 0.75 (0.61–0.90)⇞ |
| LEADER | Liraglutide | MI (HR) | 0.86 (0.73–1.00) |
| SELECT | Semaglutide | MI (HR) | 0.72 (0.61–0.85)⇞ |
| SOUL | Semaglutide | MI (HR) | 0.73 (0.61–0.88)⇞ |
| SUSTAIN-6 | Semaglutide | MI (HR) | 0.74 (0.51–1.08) |
| STRIDE | Semaglutide | Max walking distance (treatment ratio) | 1.13 (1.06–1.21) |
| Heart failure | |||
| EXSCEL | Exenatide | Hospitalization for HF (HR) | 0.94 (0.78–1.13) |
| FIGHT | Liraglutide | Hospitalization for HF (HR) | 1.30 (0.89–1.88) |
| SELECT | Semaglutide | Hospitalization or urgent care visit for HF (HR) | 0.79 (0.60–1.03) |
| STEP-HFpEF | Semaglutide | Hospitalization or urgent care visit for HF (HR) | 0.08 (0.00–0.42)⇞ |
| SUSTAIN-6 | Semaglutide | Hospitalization for HF (HR) | 1.11 (0.77–1.61) |
| Huixing et al. | Lixisenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, exenatide, albiglutide, dulaglutide, efpeglenatide | Hospitalization for HF (HR) | 1.07 (0.91–1.25) |
| Zhao et al. | Liraglutide, abliglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, lixisenatide | Hospitalization for HF (HR) | 1.04 (0.89–1.22) |
| Lepore et al. | Albiglutide | LVEF (mean difference EF%) | − 2.0% (CI unavailable) |
| LIVE | Liraglutide | LVEF (mean difference EF%) | − 0.8% (− 2.1 to 0.5%) |
| Blood pressure | |||
| DURATION-1 | Exenatide | Reduction in SBP | Once weekly: − 4.7 (− 6.9 to − 2.6)⇞ |
| ELIXA | Lixisenatide | Reduction in SBP | − 0.8 (− 1.3 to − 0.3)⇞ |
| EXSCEL | Exenatide | Reduction in SBP | − 1.57 (− 1.92 to − 1.21)⇞ |
| Harmony Outcomes | Albiglutide | Reduction in SBP | − 0.65 (− 1.27 to − 0.03)⇞ |
| LEADER | Liraglutide | Reduction in SBP | − 1.2 (− 1.9 to − 0.5)⇞ |
| PIONEER 6 | Semaglutide | Reduction in SBP | − 2.6 (− 3.7 to − 1.5)⇞ |
| SURMOUNT-1 | Tirzepatide (dual agonist) | Reduction in SBP | − 6.2 (− 7.7 to − 4.8)⇞ |
| SUSTAIN-6 | Semaglutide | Reduction in SBP | 1.0 mg dose: − 2.59 (− 4.09 to − 1.08)⇞ |
| Atrial fibrillation | |||
| Saglietto et al. | Semaglutide | Risk of AF episodes (RR) | 0.58 (0.40–0.85)⇞ |
GLP-1 RA glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, CI confidence interval, MACE major adverse cardiovascular event, MI myocardial infarction, SBP systolic blood pressure in mmHg, HR hazard ratio, RR relative risk, HF heart failure, LVEF left-ventricular ejection fraction
aPrimary or secondary outcome of interest as reported by the study
⇞Statistically significant confidence interval