Table 1.
Characteristics of Participants Who Were DHH Aged 3 to 5 year
| Characteristics | Overall (n = 74) | Has Follow-up (n = 45) | No Language Gap (n = 11) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at visit in years, mean (SD) | 4.1 (0.7) | 4.1 (0.8) | 4.0 (0.5) |
| Age of identification in months, median [IQR] | 2.0 [1.0–19.5] | 3.0 [1.0–20.0] | 2.8 [1.0–20.0] |
| Identified by 3 mo of age, n (%) | 44 (59) | 24 (53) | 6 (55) |
| Gender, identified by parent, n (%) | |||
| Female | 32 (43) | 23 (51) | 5 (45) |
| Male | 42 (57) | 22 (49) | 6 (55) |
| Racea, n (%) | |||
| Black/African-American | 11 (15) | 7 (16) | 0 |
| White | 63 (85) | 39 (87) | 11 (100) |
| Ethnicity, Hispanic/Latino, n (%) | 8 (11) | 4 (9) | 1 (9) |
| Receive public insuranceb, n (%) | 25 (34) | 12 (27) | 3 (27) |
| Caregiver education level, n (%) | |||
| College graduate or higher | 47 (64) | 30 (67) | 9 (82) |
| Household income <$40,000, n (%) | 12 (16) | 6 (13) | 0 |
| Severe to profound hearing thresholds, n (%) | 27 (36) | 17 (38) | 1 (9) |
| Uses cochlear implant, n (%) | 14 (19) | 9 (20) | 0 |
| Uses hearing aids, n (%) | 60 (81) | 36 (80) | 9 (82) |
| Aided hearing thresholdsc, mean (SD) | 25.2 (13.2) | 22.8 (9.0) | 33.3 (31.8) |
| Baseline assessments, mean (SD) | |||
| Nonverbal IQ | 98.4 (15.4) | 99.3 (14.3) | 99.6 (15.2) |
| Receptive language standard scores | 83.7 (18.2) | 82.3 (14.9) | 102.3 (24.1) |
| Expressive language standard scores | 78.6 (20.4) | 76.8 (17.0) | 99.2 (27.0) |
| Baseline preliteracy scores, mean (SD)d | |||
| Preliteracy Rating Scale total score | 40.2 (22.9) | 39.5 (22.3) | 51.4 (22.5) |
| Early Reading subdomain | 49.6 (24.9) | 48.1 (23.7) | 63.5 (22.8) |
| Early Writing subdomain | 30.9 (24.3) | 31.1 (24.0) | 38.7 (37.6) |
a
Allowed to select >1 category.
b
Either public insurance only or combined with private insurance.
c
From pure tone averages or speech awareness/reception thresholds if available.
d
As a percent of total possible raw score.
DHH, deaf/hard of hearing; IQR, interquartile range.