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. 2025 Apr 22;29(8):2420–2430. doi: 10.1007/s10461-025-04704-z

Table 1.

Characteristics, beliefs, and reported behaviors of 94 males before being circumcised in three community health facilities in Nabire district, Papua, Indonesia

Variable Total N (%) Ethnicity p-value
Non-Papuan N (%) Papuan N (%) Test statistic
Ethnic group you most identify with 94 (100) 36 (38.3) 58 (61.7) χ2 = 5.15 0.02
Age mean (sd) 21.7 (8.8) 21.4 (8.1) 21.9 (9.3) t = −0.26 0.80
Education (mean years) 12.3 11.42 12.9 t = −0.72 0.47
Are you in school χ2 = 0.69 0.71
Yes 66 (70.2) 25 (69.4) 41 (70.7)
No 27 (28.7 11 (30.6) 16 (27.6)
No answer 1 (1.0) 0 (0) 1 (2)
Main reason you want circumcision χ2 = 1.84 0.77
Hygiene 71 (75.5) 27 (75) 44 (75.9)
Family decision 9 (9.6) 3 (8.3) 6 (10.3)
Reduce risk of HIV infection 11 (11.7) 4 (11.1) 7 (12.1)
Religion 1 (1.1) 1 (2.8) 0 (0)
Other 2 (2.1) 1 (2.8) 1 (1.7)
Main concern about getting circumcised χ2 = 4.27 0.64
Infection 19 (20.2) 6 (16.7) 13 (22.4)
Pain 59 (62.8) 26 (72.2) 33 (56.9)
Sores/wounds 9 (9.6) 2 (5.6) 7 (12.1)
Against my culture 1 (1.1) 0 (0) 1 (1.7)
Against my religion 1 (1.1) 0 (0) 1 (1.7)
Other 5 (5.3) 2 (5.6) 3 (3.2)
Father circumcised? χ2 = 26.57 < 0.01
Circumcised 22 (23.4) 16 (44.4) 6 (10.3)
Uncircumcised 52 (55.3) 8 (22.2) 44 (75.9)
Don’t know 20 (21.3) 12 (33.3) 8 (13.8)
Have you ever had sex? χ2 = 1.76 0.41
Yes 42 (44.7) 13 (36.1) 29 (50)
No 50 (53.2) 22 (21.1) 28 (48.3)
Refuse to answer 2 (2.1) 1 (2.8) 1 (1.7)
Number of sex partners last 6 months (N = 42) χ2 = 2.11 0.55
0 13 (31.0) 3 (23.1) 10 (34.5)
1 23 (54.8) 8 (61.5) 15 (51.7)
2 4 (9.5) 2 (15.4) 2 (6.9)
3 or more 2 (2.7) 0 (0) 2 (6.9)
Have you ever used a condom? (N = 42) χ2 = 0.22 0.64
Yes 10 (23.8) 2 (15.4) 8 (27.6)
No 32 (76.2) 11 (84.6) 21 (72.4)
Did you use a condom last time you had sex? (N = 10) χ2 = 0 1.0
Yes 5 (50.0) 1 (50.0) 4 (50.0)
No 5 (50.0) 1 (50.0) 4 (50.0)