Table 4.
Adjusted odds ratios for adolescent loneliness and low resilience at baseline associated with anxiety and depression in young adulthood: additive and multiplicative interaction
| Loneliness | High resilience | Low Resilience | RERI (95% CI)¹ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anxiety symptoms (HADS-A) | |||||||
| Total | N | OR (95% CI) | Total | N | OR (95% CI) | ||
| Rarely lonely | 925 | 201 | 1.00 | 296 | 91 | 1.13 (0.81–1.58)ORB | -0.07 (-1.83-1.69) |
| Very lonely | 32 | 14 | 2.05 (0.96–4.35)ORA | 92 | 46 | 2.11 (1.28–3.47)ORAB | |
| Depression symptoms (HADS-D) | |||||||
| Rarely lonely | 925 | 58 | 1.00 | 295 | 45 | 1.81 (1.11–2.93)ORB | -0.87 (-3.49-1.76) |
| Very lonely | 32 | 7 | 2.36 (0.87–6.39)ORA | 93 | 20 | 2.31 (1.17–4.55)ORAB | |
| Anxiety and Depression (HADS-T) | |||||||
| Rarely lonely | 931 | 48 | 1.00 | 299 | 36 | 1.57 (0.92–2.67)ORB | 0.13 (-2.39-2.65) |
| Very lonely | 32 | 4 | 1.87 (0.59–5.90)ORA | 93 | 19 | 2.57 (1.26–5.23)ORAB | |
¹The relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) between adolescent loneliness (A) and low resilience (B) was calculated using the formula: RERI = ORAB– ORA– ORB + 1
Adjusted for age, gender, relationship with family, SES, school satisfaction, and self-esteem at baseline
Measure of interaction on the multiplicative scale (HADS-A): 0.91 (95% CI. 0.37–2.23)
Measure of interaction on the multiplicative scale (HADS-D): 0.54 (95% CI 0.18–1.82)
Measure of interaction on the multiplicative scale (HADS-T): 0.88 (95% CI 0.26–3.62)