Table 2.

Characteristics of included studies.

Author	Age (E/C)	Sample size(E/C)	Intervention(E)	Intervention(C)	Country	Language	Duration	Frequency	Daily exercise duration	Outcome indicators
Ahn (32)	66.05 ± 6.42/62.73 ± 7.53	20/19	Yang-style	Routine care	America	English	12W	2sessions/week	60min	1,2
Chan (33)	64.70 ± 7.59/65.13 ± 10.22	69/ 62	24-style	Routine care	England	English	12W	2sessions/week	60min	1,2,7,8,9,10,12
Chen (34)	59.1 ± 6.2/ 57.4 ± 5.8	56/ 48	Chen-style	Aerobics class	America	English	12W	3sessions/week	60min	1,2,9,10,11
Gao (23)	60.5 ± 6.8/61.4 ± 7.5	65/ 65	24-style	Routine care	China	Chinese	12W	7sessions/week	60 min	1,2,4
Hui (1)	45.9 ± 5.2/44.9 ± 5.6	124/129	Yang-style	No extra exercise	China	English	12W	5sessions/week	30min	1,7,8,9,10,11,12
Hu (35)	61.45 ± 4.97/59.55 ± 6.19	30/30	24-style	No extra exercise	China	Chinese	12W	4sessions/week	80min	1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12
Li (24)	62.91 ± 2.48/62.91± 2. 48	50/ 50	Chen-style	Regular exercise	China	Chinese	24W	7sessions/week	40–50 min	1,2,3,7,8,9,10,11,12
Liu (36)	60.6 ± 5.7/61.3 ± 4.9	16/ 16	Yang-style	No extra exercise	China	English	24W	6sessions/week	80min	1,2,3,5,6
Li (37)	57.3 ± 10.3	30/ 30	TAICHI	Routine care	China	Chinese	8W	7sessions/week	45min	1,3,4,5,6
Meng (38)	68. 4 ± 3. 2	100/ 100	TAICHI	Routine care	China	Chinese	12W	4sessions/week	30 min	1,2,3,9,10,11,12
Song (39)	54	40/ 40	24-style	Routine care	China	Chinese	12W	7sessions/week	50min	1,2
Zhao (13)	54. 75± 6. 09/54. 75± 6. 09	8/ 8	Chen-style	No extra exercise	China	Chinese	16W	7sessions/week	60min	1,9,10,11,12
Zhou (40)	62.12 ± 7.59/60.9 ± 6.99	33/ 33	24-style	Routine care	China	Chinese	24W	6sessions/week	60min	1,2,4,5,6
Zhu (41)	64. 5 ± 4. 3/64. 5± 4. 3	20/ 20	24-style	Routine care	China	Chinese	16W	4sessions/week	60min	1,9,10,11,12

E, Experimental group; C, Control group; 1=FPG; 2=HbA1c; 3=Fins; 4=hs-CRP; 5=IL-6; 6=TNF-α; 7=SBP; 8=DBP; 9=TC; 10=TG; 11=HDL-C; 12=LDL-C°.