Table 1.
Self-report measures.
| Instrument | Purpose | Respondent | Items & scale | Score range & cut-off levels | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gaming Disorder Test (GDT) | Gaming disorder symptoms, ICD-11 criteria | All | 4 items; 5-point Likert (1–5) | Total: 4–20 Cut-off: all items ≥ 4 or 5 |
(49) |
| Internet Gaming Disorder Scale – Short Form (IGDS9-SF) | Internet gaming disorder symptoms, DSM-5 criteria | All | 9 items; 5-point Likert scale (1–5) | Total: 9–45 Cut-off: ≥32 |
(50, 51) |
| Gaming Addiction Identification Test (GAIT) | Problematic gaming behavior | 13–15 years old, parent-report | 15 items; 5-point Likert scale (0–4) | Total: 0–60 Cut-off: ≥19 |
(52) |
| Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation – Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) | Psychological distress | 16 years + | 34 items; 5-point Likert scale (1–5) | Total: 0-136 Cut-off: M ≥1.5 |
(27, 53) |
| Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) | Psychological distress | 13 – 15-year-old, self- and parent-report | 47 items; 5-point Likert scale (0-4) | Total: 0-141 Cut-off: T-score ≥ 65 |
(54) |
| Ritvo and Asperger Diagnostic Scale (RAADS-14) | ASD symptoms | All | 14 items; 4-point Likert scale (0-3) | Total: 0-56 Cut-off: ≥ 14 |
(55) |
| Autism Quotient (AQ) | ASD symptoms | 13 – 15-year-old, parent-report | 10 items; 4-point Likert scale (1-4) | Total: 0-40 Cut-off: ≥ 6 |
(56) |
| Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Part A (ASRS) | ADHD symptoms | All | 6 items; 5-point Likert scale (0-4) | Total: 0-24 Cut-off: ≥ 15 |
(57, 58) |
| Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Scale (SNAP-IV) | ADHD symptoms | 13 – 15-year-old, parent-report | 30 items; 4-point Likert scale (0-3) | Total: 0-120 Cut-off: M ≥1.67, question 1–9 and 21-28 |
(59, 60). |
| Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) | Problematic social media use | All | 6 items; 5-point Likert scale (1-5) | Total: 6–30 Cut-off: ≥ 26 |
(61) |
| Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test – Consumption (AUDIT-C) | Alcohol dependence | All | 3 items; 5-point Likert scale (0-4) | Total: 0-12 Cut-off: ≥ 6; alcohol dependence |
(62–64) |
| Drug Identification List | Substance use | All | List of 10 common substances. 5-point Likert scale (0–4) | Frequency of use | – |
| NODS-PERC | Problematic gambling | All | 4 items; binary response (yes/no) | Total: 0-4 Cut-off: ≥1 |
(65) |
| Motives for Online Gaming Questionnaire (MOGQ) | Gaming motives | All | 27 items; 5-point Likert scale (1–5) | Mean score for each motive, 1-5 | (66) |