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. 2025 Aug 12;12:1616221. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2025.1616221

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Copyright © 2025 Gupta, Mehrotra, Sood, Sharma, Yadav, Kaur, Sak, Satapathy and Tuli.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Flowchart illustrating the path from research to clinical application in miRNA-based cancer therapy. It includes five stages: Omics-based discovery, In vitro research, In vivo research, Clinical trials, and Clinical application, each represented by an icon. Arrows indicate progression through the stages. — Future directions in microRNA (miRNA)-based cancer therapy. The schematic illustrates a multi-step process for developing miRNA-based treatment from the bench to the bedside. The image was created with BioRender.com.