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. 2025 Aug 12;16:1576278. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1576278

TABLE 2.

Themes and sub-themes linked to their theoretical framework domain.

Themes Sub-themes Theoretical framework domain
The power of listening Foundation for dialogue,
Creating safe spaces,
Justice in listening,
Increased self-awareness
Autonomy
Shifting perspectives Culture change,
Enhancing human connections,
Transformation of organizational norms
Perspective transformation
Empowerment and professional development Enhanced professional insight,
Enhanced communication skills,
Long-term wellbeing enhancements,
Ongoing training needs
Competence
Enhanced work relationships Team cohesion and collaboration, Improved personal relationships,
Stress reduction
Relatedness
Implementation of JL Appraisal of the training process,
Challenges in full implementation,
Leadership commitment
Critical reflection