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. 2025 Aug 25;15:31310. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-17283-9

Table 1.

Preoperative baseline data of the training set and test set.

Characteristic N Internal test cohort, N = 661 Training cohort, N = 1511 P-value
TLR 217 11 (17%) 23 (15%) 0.792
Male 217 46 (70%) 87 (58%) 0.0932
Age (years) 217 68.0 (62.0, 76.0) 70.0 (64.0, 78.0) 0.213
Height (cm) 217 165.5 (162.0, 173.0) 167.0(160.0, 171.0) 0.533
Weight (kg) 217 69.0 (60.0, 75.) 70.0 (62.0, 75.0) 0.863
BMI (kg/m2) 217 0.354
  18.5 ~ 25 41 (62%) 76 (50%)
  25 ~ 30 21 (32%) 65 (43%)
  >30 4 (6.1%) 8 (5.3%)
  <18.5 0 (0%) 2 (1.3%)
Rutherford category 217 0.582
  3 45 (68%) 95 (63%)
  4 11 (17%) 24 (16%)
  5 10 (15%) 32 (21%)
Diabetes 217 44 (67%) 105 (70%) 0.682
Hypertension 217 47 (71%) 113 (75%) 0.582
Smoke 217 27 (41%) 42 (28%) 0.0572
Cardio-cerebrovascular disease 217 22 (33%) 61 (40%) 0.322
Dialysis 217 2 (3.0%) 12 (7.9%) 0.244
Hyperlipidemia 217 29 (44%) 86 (57%) 0.0772

1n (%), M (P25, P75), 2Pearson’s Chi-squared test, 3Wilcoxon rank sum test, 4Fisher’s exact test. TLR: Target lesion revascularization.