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. 2025 Aug 25;15:31310. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-17283-9

Table 2.

Surgical data of the training set and test set.

Characteristic N Internal test cohort, N = 661 Training cohort, N = 1511 P-value
Atherectomy 217 34 (52%) 104 (69%) 0.0142
Stent implantation 217 18 (27%) 58 (38%) 0.112
Drug-coating balloon angioplasty 217 44 (67%) 90 (60%) 0.322
Serve calcification 217 27 (41%) 55 (36%) 0.532
P1 217 43 (65%) 105 (70%) 0.522
P2 217 19 (29%) 56 (37%) 0.242
P3 217 26 (39%) 71 (47%) 0.302
Pre-procedural outflow score 217 0.392
  1 18 (27%) 55 (36%)
  2 34 (52%) 65 (43%)
  3 14 (21%) 31 (21%)
Post-procedural outflow score 217 0.342
  1 24 (36%) 67 (44%)
  2 31 (47%) 55 (36%)
  3 11 (17%) 29 (19%)
Lesion Length 217 55.0 (30.0, 90.0) 80.0 (40.0, 120.0) 0.0123
Occlusion Lesion 217 30 (45%) 85 (56%) 0.142
Ankle-Below Artery Grading 217 0.834
  0 21 (32%) 50 (33%)
  1 44 (67%) 100 (66%)
  2 1 (1.5%) 1 (0.7%)

1n (%), M (P25, P75), 2Pearson’s Chi-squared test, 3Wilcoxon rank sum test, 4Fisher’s exact test. Severe calcification: PACSS ≥ 2.