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. 2025 Aug 12;13:1606381. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1606381

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Copyright © 2025 Macekova, Krivosova, Hudakova, Dragasek, Hajduk, Zufkova, Klimas and Snopkova.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Flowchart illustrating a process for studying cognitive impairment risk in community pharmacy patients. Steps are: Ethical Committee approval and pharmacy agreement lead to enrollment. Data collection gathers socio-demographic and health information. Cognitive screening assesses functions using s-MoCA score. Risk factor identification uses CAIDE and s-MoCA scores. Medicine risk is identified by ACB score. Data analysis assesses cognitive functions, CAIDE risk factors, and high ACB medication use. — Flowchart of the study. CAIDE, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia (The CAIDE Dementia Risk Score), s-MoCA, short version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Screening Tool; ACB, Anticholinergic Burden Scale.