Table 3.
Proportion (%), unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio (OR), 95% confident interval (CI), for study indicators across intervention arms in reference to the control group.
| Control n = 1,315 | Non-HCP intervention arm n = 668 | HCP intervention arm n = 897 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | OR | % | ORa | ORb (95%CI) | % | ORa | ORb (95%CI) | |
| Access to healthcare | ||||||||
| ANC visits | ||||||||
| <4 visits | 25.48 | 1 | 19.06 | - | - | 22.53 | - | - |
| ≥4 visits | 74.52 | 1 | 80.94 | 1.254c | 1.441c(1.133, 1.832) | 77.47 | 1.451c | 1.968c(1.575, 2.459) |
| US images | ||||||||
| <2 images | 19.53 | 1 | 19.13 | - | - | 10.18 | - | - |
| ≥2 images | 80.65 | 1 | 80.87 | 1.014 | 1.201 (0.925, 1.559) | 89.82 | 2.116c | 3.026c(2.301, 3.981) |
| Completed lab tests | ||||||||
| No | 38.25 | 1 | 23.05 | - | - | 27.42 | - | - |
| Yes | 61.75 | 1 | 76.95 | 2.067c | 2.537c(1.664, 3.856) | 72.58 | 1.639c | 2.828c(1.894, 4.221) |
| Took the required supplements | ||||||||
| No | 35.36 | 1 | 16.92 | - | - | 30.14 | - | - |
| Yes | 64.64 | 1 | 83.08 | 0.521c | 0.825 (0.669, 1.017) | 69.86 | 0.945 | 1.467c(1.221, 1.762) |
| Maternal and neonatal outcomes | ||||||||
| Onset of delivery | ||||||||
| Pre-term | 12.39 | 1 | 14.74 | - | - | 10.21 | - | - |
| Term | 87.61 | 1 | 85.26 | 0.818c | 0.917 (0.673, 1.248) | 89.71 | 1.232 | 1.360c(1.011, 1.829) |
| Method of delivery | ||||||||
| C-section | 46.02 | 1 | 54.52 | - | - | 53.49 | - | - |
| Normal | 53.98 | 1 | 45.48 | 0.711c | 0.694c(0.527, 0.914) | 46.51 | 0.741 | 0.688c(0.539, 0.877) |
| Neonatal morbidities | ||||||||
| Yes | 96.96 | 1 | 95.36 | - | 97- | 93.98 | - | - |
| No | 3.04 | 1 | 4.64 | 1.066 | 1.220 (0.881, 1.688) | 6.02 | 1.275c | 1.521c(1.127, 2.051) |
| Abortion | ||||||||
| Yes | 88.90 | 1 | 89.52 | - | - | 91.08 | - | - |
| No | 11.10 | 1 | 10.48 | 0.644 | 0.688 (0.416, 1.139) | 8.92 | 0.489 | 0.554c(0.363, 0.848) |
| Maternal complications | ||||||||
| Yes | 76.12 | 1 | 74.55 | - | - | 73.58 | - | - |
| No | 23.88 | 1 | 25.45 | 0.918 | 0.989 (0.783, 1.249) | 26.42 | 0.873 | 0.994 (0.810, 1.221) |
-Reference category.
a
Unadjusted OR.
b
Adjusted OR for potential differences in age, nationality, history of chronic diseases, pre-term delivery, c-section and gravida.
c
Significant at 0.05.