Table 2.

The information of important “dark genes”

Gene	Location	Relation with embryonic development	PMID
ITGA7	Plasma membrane	The down-regulation of ITGA7 could potentially hinder the process of cell differentiation during neural tube development.	33491544
MMP2	Nucleus	MMP2 treatment of iPSCs enhanced their proliferation and differentiation into neural stem cells.	29137974
LAMTOR1	Lysosome	LAMTOR1 regulates embryonic stem cell differentiation by GTPases Rag activation, promoting the exit from pluripotency.	28935770
UPF3A	Cytosol	UPF3A inhibits nonsense-mediated decay to promote the expression of genes involved in neuronal differentiation.	27837180
Ccnd2	Cytosol	Ccnd2 can control cell fate decisions in human pluripotent stem cells by recruiting transcriptional corepressors.	26883361
Dctn2	Cytosol	Dctn2 is essential for normal neuronal function and may play a role in neuronal differentiation and neuroprotection.	31115483
Fars2	Mitochondrion	Fars2 deficiency affects neuronal development and enhances neuronal apoptosis by impairing mitochondrial function.	35794642
Ripk1	Cytosol	Ripk1 is a key effector in necroptosis and can regulate both apoptosis and necroptosis during embryonic development.	30867408