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. 2025 Aug 25;15:31246. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-15794-z

Table 6.

Pixel correlation coefficients in three directions: horizontal (H), diagonal (D) and vertical (V) for encrypted images.

Encrypted image H D V
Mandrill 0.00307613 0.000809074 − 0.00521955
Peppers − 0.00329259 − 0.00567403 0.000306954
F16 0.00046871 − 0.00129673 − 0.0015519
Sailboat − 0.00579529 0.00357263 0.00601578
Tree 0.00122393 − 0.00043615 − 0.00441973
Apples − 0.00213933 0.00248506 − 0.010287
Average − 0.00107641 − 0.00009002 − 0.00025259