Table 2.
Pain-related characteristics according to the ODI
| Variable | Total (N = 194) |
ODI < 12 (n = 141) | ODI ≥ 12 (n = 53) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current pain VAS score | 4.1 ± 2.3 (1–10) | 3.6 ± 2.2 | 5.2 ± 2.1 | 1.38 (1.18–1.61) | < 0.001 |
| Medication for back pain, n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 43 (22.2) | 14 (32.6) | 29 (67.4) | 10.96 (5.06–23.74) | < 0.001 |
| No | 151 (77.8) | 127 (84.1) | 24 (15.9) | 1 (reference) | |
| Additional body region with pain, n (%) | |||||
| Shoulder & neck | 55 (28.4) | 34 (61.8) | 21 (38.2) | 3.71 (1.60–8.57) | 0.002 |
| Other body region | 62 (32.0) | 41 (66.1) | 21 (33.9) | 3.07 (1.34–7.03) | 0.008 |
| None | 77 (39.7) | 66 (85.7) | 11 (14.3) | 1 (reference) | |
| Back pain increased with increased frequency of clinical rotation in departments, n (%)(n = 154) | |||||
| Yes | 102 (66.2) | 69 (67.6) | 33 (32.4) | 2.63 (1.11–6.22) | 0.028 |
| No | 52 (33.8) | 44 (84.6) | 8 (15.4) | 1 (reference) | |
| Back pain before entering nursing school, n (%)(n = 157) | |||||
| Yes | 79 (50.3) | 57 (72.2) | 22 (27.8) | 0.92 (0.46–1.84) | 0.820 |
| No | 78 (49.7) | 55 (70.5) | 23 (29.5) | 1 (reference) | |
| Hospitalized for back pain, n (%)(n = 161) | |||||
| Yes | 13 (8.1) | 3 (23.1) | 10 (76.9) | 11.62 (3.02–44.67) | < 0.001 |
| No | 148 (91.9) | 115 (77.7) | 33 (22.3) | 1 (reference) |
A higher ODI indicates greater disability
Data are presented as means ± standard deviation (range) unless otherwise indicated
CI, confidence interval; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; VAS, visual analog scale