Table 1.
Quality assessment for eligible studies
| Author, Year | Representativeness of the Exposed Cohort | Selection of the Non-Exposed Cohort | Ascertainment of Exposure | Outcome of Interest Was Not Present at Start of Study | Comparability of Cohorts on the Basis of the Design or Analysis | Assessment of Outcome | Follow-up Long Enough for Outcomes to Occur | Adequacy of Follow-up of Cohorts | Total Score | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selection Domain | Comparability Domain | Outcome/Exposure Domain | Quality | |||||||||
| Bayraktar, 2020 [30] | * | * | * | * | ** | * | * | * | 4 | 2 | 3 | Good |
| Bhat, 2012 [31] | * | * | no star | * | ** | * | * | * | 3 | 2 | 2 | Good |
| Bienstock, 2008 [27] | no star | * | * | * | no star | * | * | * | 3 | 0 | 3 | Poor |
| Budak, 2018 [32] | * | * | * | * | ** | * | * | * | 4 | 2 | 3 | Good |
| Calfee, 1999 [33] | * | * | no star | * | ** | * | * | * | 3 | 2 | 3 | Good |
| Delibas, 2018 [34] | * | * | * | * | ** | * | * | * | 4 | 2 | 3 | Good |
| Ding, 2023 [35] | * | * | * | * | ** | * | * | * | 4 | 2 | 3 | Good |
| Duhl, 2000 [36] | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 4 | 1 | 3 | Good |
| Feinberg, 2005 [37] | * | * | * | * | ** | * | * | * | 4 | 2 | 3 | Good |
| Kerenyi, 2009 [28] | * | * | * | * | no star | * | * | no star | 4 | 0 | 2 | Poor |
| Kwon, 2015 [23] | no star | no star | no star | * | * | no star | * | * | 1 | 1 | 2 | Poor |
| Kwon, 2018 [38] | * | * | * | * | ** | * | * | * | 4 | 2 | 3 | Good |
| Lurie, 1998 ± [39] | no star | * | no star | * | * | * | * | * | 2 | 1 | 3 | Fair |
| Ma, 1998 [40] | * | * | * | * | ** | * | * | * | 4 | 2 | 3 | Good |
| Melamed, 2013 [41] | * | * | * | no star | ** | no star | * | * | 3 | 2 | 2 | Fair |
| Nayak, 2019 [42] | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | no star | 4 | 1 | 2 | Good |
| Oawada, 2019 [43] | * | * | * | * | ** | * | * | * | 4 | 2 | 3 | Good |
| Ong, 2008 [44] | no star | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 3 | 1 | 3 | Good |
| Pugh, 2009 [45] | * | * | no star | * | * | * | * | * | 3 | 1 | 3 | Good |
| Raviv, 2021 [46] | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | no star | 4 | 1 | 2 | Good |
| Rehman, 2022 [47] | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 4 | 1 | 3 | Good |
| Reicher, 2021 [48] | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 4 | 1 | 3 | Good |
| Rottenstreich, 2017 ± [49] | no star | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 3 | 1 | 3 | Good |
| Scholl, 2021 [29] | no star | * | * | * | no star | * | * | * | 3 | 0 | 3 | Poor |
| Shinohara, 2015 [50] | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | no star | 4 | 1 | 2 | Good |
| Shinohara, 2016 [51] | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | no star | 4 | 1 | 2 | Good |
| Stivers, 2020 [26] | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 4 | 1 | 3 | Good |
| Tanacan, 2020 [52] | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 4 | 1 | 3 | Good |
| TopÇu, 2016 [53] | * | no star | * | * | * | * | * | no star | 3 | 1 | 2 | Good |
| Vadakekut, 2010 [54] | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 4 | 1 | 3 | Good |
| Vemareddy, 2009 [25] | * | * | * | * | ** | * | * | * | 4 | 2 | 3 | Good |
| Yoles, 2021 [24] | * | * | no star | * | * | no star | * | * | 3 | 1 | 2 | Good |
| Yuen, 2019 [55] | * | no star | * | * | * | * | * | no star | 3 | 1 | 2 | Good |
| Weissman, 2005 [56] | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 4 | 1 | 3 | Good |
* >star symbol > fulfilment of eligibility criteria
± symbol > disagreement between reviewers, resolved by the senior author