Table 3.
Key findings of the Meta-Analysis
| Pregnancy Outcomes | Heterogeneity (I2) | Model | Pooled RR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| SGA | 59% | Random-effect | 1.49 (1.33, 1.68)** |
| LGA | 25% | Fixed-effect | 0.74 (0.76, 0.82)** |
| LBW | 67% | Random-effect | 1.35 (1.13, 1.60)** |
| Macrosomia | 0% | Fixed-effect | 0.69 (0.61, 0.77)** |
| NICU admission | 60% | Random-effect | 1.23 (1.02, 1.49)* |
| APGAR score < 7 | 63% | Random-effect | 1.88 (0.96, 3.68) |
| Caesarean section | 76% | Random-effect | 0.90 (0.79, 0.96)** |
| Shoulder dystocia | 0% | Fixed-effect | 0.50 (0.24, 1.05) |
| FGR | 0% | Fixed-effect | 1.21 (1.05, 1.41)* |
| Polyhydramnios | 71% | Random-effect | 0.94 (0.42, 2.12) |
| Neonatal hypoglycaemia | 95% | Random-effect | 1.54 (0.37, 6.44) |
| Neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia | 0% | Fixed-effect | 0.82 (0.72, 0.92)** |
| Perinatal mortality | 12% | Fixed-effect | 1.06 (0.73, 1.55) |
| Preterm delivery | 89% | Random-effect | 1.16 (0.88, 1.54) |
| PE | 57% | Random-effect | 0.90 (0.71, 1.16) |
| Postpartum hemorrhage | 84% | Random-effect | 0.59 (0.29,1.20) |
Abbreviations: FGR fetal growth restriction, LBW low birth weight, LGA large for gestational age, N/A non-applicable, NICU neonatal intensive care unit, PE preeclampsia, RR risk ratio, SGA small for gestational age. Asterisk (*) symbol indicates significant value
*= p-value < 0.05; **=p-value < 0.01