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. 2025 Aug 26;25:2921. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-24396-3

Table 2.

Sleep quality patterns in the overall study sample (n = 631)

PSQI Component Score 0 Score 1 Score 2 Score 3 n Mean Std. Deviation
N % N % N % N %
Subjective Sleep Quality a 69 10.90% 317 50.20% 196 31.10% 49 7.80% 631 1.36 0.78
Sleep Latency a, b 136 21.55% 193 30.60% 178 28.20% 124 19.65% 631 1.46 1.04
Sleep Duration c 159 25.20% 165 26.10% 176 27.90% 131 20.80% 631 1.44 1.08
Sleep Efficiency d 246 39.00% 205 32.50% 112 17.70% 68 10.80% 631 1.00 1.00
Sleep Disturbances b 61 9.67% 355 56.26% 188 29.79% 27 4.28% 631 1.29 0.70
Use of Sleeping Medication b 526 83.36% 54 8.56% 25 3.96% 26 4.12% 631 0.29 0.73
Daytime Dysfunction b 126 19.97% 244 38.67% 167 26.47% 94 14.89% 631 1.36 0.96
Global PSQI Score 8.20 3.95

a0: very good; 1: fairly good; 2: fairly bad; 3: very bad

b0: not during past month; 1: less than once a week; 2: once or twice a week; 3:three or more times a week

c0:>7 h; 1: 6–7 h; 2: 5–6 h, 3: < 5 h

d0: >85%; 1: 75–84%, 2: 65–74%; 3: < 65%