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. 2025 Aug 26;30:806. doi: 10.1186/s40001-025-03001-8

Table 1.

Basic Characteristics of Participants by Stroke

Characteristic Na Stroke P valuec
Overall, N = 15,679 (100%)b No, N = 15,082 (97%)b Yes, N = 597 (2.9%)b
Age (years) 15,679 47.0 (34.0, 60.0) 47.0 (33.0, 60.0) 67.0 (55.0, 77.0)  < 0.001
Gender 15,679 0.05
 Male 7507 (48%) 7220 (48%) 287 (43%)
 Female 8172 (52%) 7862 (52%) 310 (57%)
Race/ethnicity 15,679 0.001
 Non-Hispanic white 6636 (68%) 6336 (67%) 300 (69%)
 Non-Hispanic black 3146 (10%) 2981 (10%) 165 (15%)
 Mexican American 2501 (8.7%) 2447 (8.8%) 54 (4.6%)
 Other race—including multi-racial 1805 (7.7%) 1768 (7.7%) 37 (8.0%)
 Other Hispanic 1591 (5.8%) 1550 (5.8%) 41 (3.7%)
Education Level 15,679  < 0.001
 Under highschool 3906 (16%) 3690 (16%) 216 (28%)
 Highschool 3572 (23%) 3418 (23%) 154 (29%)
 Above highschool 8201 (61%) 7974 (61%) 227 (42%)
Poverty-income ratio (PIR) 15,679 2.74 (1.60, 4.86) 2.77 (1.63, 4.92) 2.09 (1.22, 3.34)  < 0.001
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) 15,679 28 (24, 32) 28 (24, 32) 29 (25, 34) 0.036
Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) 15,679 120 (111, 128) 120 (111, 127) 121 (118, 138)  < 0.001
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) 15,679 69 (64, 75) 69 (64, 75) 69 (62, 74) 0.006
Alcohol consumption 15,679 0.7
 No 15,322 (98%) 14,732 (98%) 590 (98%)
 Yes 357 (1.9%) 350 (1.9%) 7 (1.6%)
Smoking status 15,679  < 0.001
 Smoking 3058 (19%) 2913 (19%) 145 (25%)
 Never smoking 8776 (55%) 8536 (56%) 240 (40%)
 Quit Smoking 3845 (25%) 3633 (25%) 212 (34%)
Diabetes 15,679  < 0.001
 Diabetes 2462 (11%) 2242 (11%) 220 (33%)
 Prediabetes 3843 (21%) 3680 (21%) 163 (26%)
 Nondiabetes 9374 (68%) 9160 (69%) 214 (41%)
Cancer 15,679  < 0.001
 No 14,222 (90%) 13,758 (91%) 464 (77%)
 Yes 1457 (9.7%) 1324 (9.3%) 133 (23%)
Monocyte-Albumin-Ratio 15,679 0.12 (0.10, 0.15) 0.12 (0.10, 0.15) 0.14 (0.11, 0.18)  < 0.001
Triglyceride-Glucose Index 15,679 8.54 (8.13, 8.97) 8.54 (8.13, 8.96) 8.71 (8.30, 9.16)  < 0.001
HDL Cholesterol (mmol/L) 15,679 1.34 (1.11, 1.63) 1.34 (1.11, 1.63) 1.29 (1.09, 1.66) 0.14
LDL Cholesterol (mmol/L) 15,679 2.87 (2.30, 3.52) 2.90 (2.33, 3.52) 2.56 (2.02, 3.39)  < 0.001
Total Cholesterol (mmol/L) 15,679 4.89 (4.24, 5.61) 4.89 (4.24, 5.61) 4.65 (4.03, 5.46)  < 0.001
Total Triglycerides (mmol/L) 15,679 1.14 (0.78, 1.66) 1.13 (0.78, 1.66) 1.25 (0.87, 1.78)  < 0.001

aN not Missing (unweighted)

bMedian (IQR) for continuous; n (weighted %) for categorical

cDesign-based KruskalWallis test; Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment